BOOK OF ABSTRACT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HALAL, POLICY, CULTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES

ATTITUDES AND AWARENESS OF THE FOOD ENVIRONMENT IN ADDRESSING THE BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Sitti Patimah — 2025-10-05

BACKGROUND: Achieving the 2030 SDG goal of zero malnutrition remains challenging due to high malnutrition rates among vulnerable groups, especially adolescent girls. Addressing both distal and proximal environmental factors is crucial, emphasizing multisectoral engagement and leveraging their capacity for sustainable solutions. This study aims to explore attitudes and awareness of the food environment at home and school in preventing and controlling malnutrition among adolescent girls. METHOD: This study used a descriptive qualitative method involving 28 informants from four schools in Majene Regency, West Sulawesi. The informants were principals, teachers, food vendors in school canteens, and mothers of students, all recommended by the principals of each school. Data were collected through semi structured interviews, focus group discussions, and documentation, then analyzed using thematic and narrative analysis. RESULTS & DISCUSSION : Teachers, school principals, food vendors, and parents play active roles in promoting healthy eating among adolescent girls. School actors support cross - sector collaboration, implement health -related rules, and engage in nutrition education. Food vendors are committed to offering nutritious options while adapting to student preferences. Parents consistently guide and monitor their children's eating habits, though they face gaps between knowledge and practice. All actors recognize the influence of food choices on health, the challenges of social and cultural norms, and the importance of setting a personal example to drive positive change. CONCLUSION: Teachers, school principals, food vendors, and parents demonstrate positive attitudes and awareness of their respective roles, despite facing social, cultural, and structural challenges. A shared awareness of the importance of setting a good example and initiating change from within serves as a crucial foundation for promoting healthier eating behaviors among adolescents. Promoting adolescent nutrition requires multisectoral collaboration, ongoing education, cultural sensitivity, and active enga gement of schools, parents, and food vendors.

STANDARDIZATION OF GLOBAL HALAL NORMS THROUGH SMIIC: SOCIALIZATION & FRAGMENTATION

Moh. Fathoni Hakim — 2024-10-05

BACKGROUND: This study analyzes the dynamics of the formation and diffusion of global halal standards through SMIIC (The Standards and Metrology Institute for Islamic Countries), which serves as the main instrument of the OIC in harmonizing halal norms across the Muslim world. METHOD: Using literature studies and a constructivist approach (the norm diffusion framework) by Finnemore & Sikkink (1998), this research examines how SMIIC functions as a socializing agent of global halal norms through three stages: norm emergence, norm cascade, and norm internalization. This article focuses on the dominant role of Turkey as norm entrepreneur in constructing the architecture of global halal standards, including financing, drafting initial standards, and structuring the SMIIC organization. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: Furthermore, the study describes the institutionalization process of halal norms through the drafting of OIC/SMIIC 1:2019, the organization of training programs, and the growing acceptance by member states. Although participation has increased significantly (with 45 out of 57 OIC member states ratifying SMIIC), there remain ideological fragmentations among Islamic schools of thought (Sunni, Shia, Wahhabi) and political - economic rivalries that challenge harmonization efforts. CONCLUSION: The halal standard is also used as a tool for protectionism in trade, as demonstrated by Saudi Arabia and Iran. Thus, the diffusion of halal norms through SMIIC is not entirely linear but is filled with negotiations, resistance, and the reconstruction of sectarian identities and market interests within the Muslim world.

Halal Certification in the Era of Green Economy and Circular Innovation

Nur Aini — 2025-10-05

The rapid growth of the global halal industry has drawn increasing attention to how halal certification can align with the principles of sustainable development. This study explores the integration of halal certification with the concepts of the green economy and circular economy to strengthen the competitiveness of Indonesia’s halal industry. Using a qualitative descriptive approach through questionnaires with several business actors in various types of businesses combined with a systematic literature review, the findings highlight that halal certification not only enhances consumer trust but also encourages the use of high-quality raw materials. Within the green economy context, circular innovation provides solutions for waste management, such as food wast e recycling into renewable energy or by -product utilization for agriculture. The main challenges identified include limited access to halal -certified raw materials, funding, technology, and literacy. The integration of halal certification with eco-labelling is recognized as a key strategy to meet environmentally conscious consumer demands and strengthen export competitiveness. This study concludes that the convergence of halal certification with green economy and circular innovation has the potential to cre ate a sustainable, competitive, and globally recognized halal industry. Recommendations include harmonizing halal and eco-label standards internationally, expanding digitalization, investing in green technologies, and fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration to develop a sustainable halal ecosystem.

AI-Driven Innovations for Halal Healthcare: Implications for Nursing Ethics and Practice - A Scoping Review

Haeril Amir — 2025-10-05

BACKGROUND: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in healthcare, enhancing efficiency, safety, and decision -making. In halal healthcare contexts, particularly within nursing practice, AI offers opportunities to ensure ethical compliance, culturally sensitive care, and patient trust. However, a systematic mapping of its applications remains limited. METHOD: A scoping review was conducted using the PCC (Population, Concept, Context) framework. Literature searches were performed in Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases, guided by PRISMA methodology for transparency and rigor. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were selected and analyzed to explore AI applications in halal healthcare and their implications for nursing ethics and practice. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The findings reveal AI’s growing role in halal authentication of pharmaceuticals, hospital food services, and supply chain monitoring. AI -enabled traceability and decision-support systems support nurses in delivering culturally congruent and ethically sound care. Yet, gaps exist in regulatory frameworks, ethical AI use, and integration into nursing education CONCLUSION: AI -driven innovations strengthen halal healthcare systems by ensuring compliance and supporting ethical nursing practice. Future work should prioritize developing robust ethical frameworks and training programs for nurses to adapt to AI -driven halal healthcare.

INHIBITORY EFFECT OF CALCIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT FROM LAYER CHICKEN EGGSHELL WASTE (GALLUS SP.) ON THE GROWTH OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS

Mila Febriany — 2025-10-05

BACKGROUND: Oral and dental health continues to be a major public health concern in Indonesia, particularly among children. Streptococcus mutans, a commensal bacterium of the oral microbiota, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of dental caries and mucosal inflammation. Brushing teeth twice daily with toothpaste containing calcium carbonate has been shown to be effective in preventing these conditions. In toothpaste formulations, calcium carbonate functions as an abrasive agent to remove stains and pla que, while also contributing to the viscosity of the paste. Eggshells, which contain approximately 94% calcium carbonate, represent a potential alternative raw material for toothpaste production. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of calcium carbonate extract derived from layer chicken eggshell waste (Gallus sp.) at concentrations of 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, and 20% on the growth of Streptococcus mutans. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A true experimental design was employed, and statistical analysis was performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A total of 24 samples were analyzed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The One-Way ANOVA test produced a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant difference among the tested concentrations in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans. One of the primary objectives was to reduce eggshell waste, mitigate pote ntial environmental pollution, and promote the principles of zero waste. This research applies the "Recycle" principle by repurposing waste into valuable materials. CONCLUSION: Calcium carbonate extract from layer chicken eggshell waste effectively inhibits the growth of Streptococcus mutans, with the 20% concentration demonstrating the strongest inhibitory effect.

DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE HALAL HEALTH TOURISM IN RAWA GEDE THROUGH EDUCATION AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Mira Susfita — 2025-11-05

BACKGROUND: Indonesia, with the largest Muslim -majority population, has significant potential for halal health tourism, especially in areas such as Situ Rawa Besar, Depok, West Java, Indonesia. Lakes are one of the natural resources that play an important role as a sustainable halal health tourism destination. Halal health tourism is a journey to obtain health services that comply with halal principles, whether it is treatment, therapy, or fitness. The development of halal health tourism faces significant challenges, mainly related to the lack of education and identification and management of natural resources. By integrating halal health tourism, education, and natural resource management, this Research develops a sustainable and holistic model that promotes a holistic approach to sustainable development. METHODS: This Research uses a literature-based qualitative method, conducting an in-depth review of the literature on halal health tourism, education, and natural resource management. Data was collected from various sources, including books, journal articles, Res earch reports, and other related publications. This approach aims to identify relevant theories, best practices, and challenges faced in developing halal health tourism in Situ Rawa Besar. Analysis was conducted by categorising the information to de velop a sustainable, holistic development model. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The previous study shows that Situ Rawa Besar has experienced area shrinkage and pollution. Although the Depok city government is still trying to revitalise the lake as a tourist destination, the city is still working to improve it. A literature review found that natural resources, such as lakes, are a tremendous asset for health tourism. Lakes are an important natural resource for health, providing relaxing, scenic views, clean water, fresh air, and ideal walking paths. In Islam, the concept of Hima, or conservation areas in the form of lakes, is a natural resource that must be protected and managed sustainably (Al -Istislah), making it a Water Hima that should not be exploited to damage the ecosystem. This principle reflects Islamic teachings on balance (Mizan) and human responsibility as Khalifah (leader) on earth to protect the environment. Moreover, halal is an important aspect of tourism management. Although there is a strong community interest in halal health tourism, there is a significant knowledge gap and supporting infrastructure. Halal infrastructure and facilities that need to be considered in the lake area as a halal health tourism destination include three pillars, namely accessibility, amenity, and attractions, with an emphasis on health aspects (naturalness) and sharia. Infrastructure that must be considered: worship facilities and hygiene, amenities (accommodation and halal food), health tourism infrastructure, and comfort. Analysis of the literature reveals that community education through workshops and seminars can be an effective solution to improve understanding of halal principles and sustainable practices. In addition, management of natural resources, particularly lakes, is crucial to ensure their sustainability as we llness and therapeutic destinations. Community involvement in this management can strengthen the sense of ownership and responsibility towards the natural resources. CONCLUSION: Sustainable halal health tourism in Situ Rawa Besar can be achieved through a collaborative approach that emphasises education and responsible resource management. By utilising the local natural resources and building community capacity, Situ Rawa Besar can become a flagship destination for halal health tourism. Situ Rawa Besar is a vital Lake in the centre of Depok city, but its sustainability is threatened by high pollutant loads from domestic activities and by the narrowing of the area due to settlement expansion. Revitalisation efforts and integrated institutional management are urgently needed. Th is Research shows that a literature-based approach not only helps identify existing challenges but also provides insights into best educational practices that can be applied for the development of sustainable halal health tourism.

AI DRIVEN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLE DISEASE CLASSIFICATION OF VANILLA PLANIFOLIA USING SVM TO SUPPORT SDGS

Lilis Nur Hayati — 2025-10-05

BACKGROUND: Vanilla planifolia is one of the most valuable agricultural commodities with steadily increasing global demand. However, its productivity is often limited by diseases such as Fusarium (stem rot), Phytophthora (root rot), and leaf spot, which significantly reduce yield and quality. Conventional diagnosis methods rely on visual inspection, which is time - consuming and prone to errors. The application of artificial intelligence, particularly expert systems, provides an innovative solution for fast, accurate, and consistent diagn osis. Support Vector Machine (SVM) has proven effective in solving classification problems with complex, high-dimensional data, making it highly suitable for vanilla disease detection. METHOD: An SVM-based expert system was developed to classify vanilla diseases. The dataset consisted of 1,200 leaf images evenly divided into four classes: healthy, Fusarium, Phytophthora, and leaf spot (300 images each). Preprocessing included normalization (resizing to 256×256 pixels), data balancing, and light augmentation such as rotation, flipping, and brightness/contrast adjustment. Feature extraction combined multiple descriptors: color (color moments, HSV histogram), texture (GLCM, LBP), and shape (Hu moments). The dataset was split into 80% training and 20% testing, while SVM hyperparameters (RBF kernel, C, and γ) were optimized using grid search with 5-fold cross-validation. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The optimized SVM model achieved strong performance with 92.5% accuracy, 91.8% precision, 93.2% recall, and 92.4% F1-score. Class-wise performance was balanced, with F1-scores ranging from 91.7% to 93.6%. The combination of color, texture, and shape featur es effectively represented vanilla leaf conditions. Compared to manual inspection, the system demonstrated superior speed, accuracy, and scalability, offering practical benefits for farmers in disease management. CONCLUSION: This study successfully developed an SVM-based expert system for vanilla disease detection with high reliability. The system has strong potential for real -world deployment as a decision -support tool for early diagnosis, contributing to improved productivity and sustainability in vanilla cultivation.

The effectiveness of audiovisual education on “Isi Piringku” in improving mothers’ knowledge regarding stunting prevention among children under five

Brajakson Siokal — 2025-11-05

BACKGROUND: Stunting remains one of the major public health problems in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas where maternal knowledge and child feeding practices are limited. Audiovisual health education is considered an effective strategy to improve maternal understanding of balanced nutrition and prevent stunting. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of audiovisual education on “Isi Piringku” in improving mothers’ knowledge regarding stunting prevention among children under five. METHOD: This quasi -experimental study with a control group was conducted at Bontomarannu Primary Health Center, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, from March to September 2025. A total of 106 mothers with children under five were recruited using purposive sampling and assigned to intervention and control groups. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire measuring sociodemographic characteristics, maternal knowledge of balanced nutrition, and stunting prevention practices. Data analysis included paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and Spearman’s rank correlation. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results showed that prior to the intervention, most mothers (72.6%) demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge. After receiving audiovisual education, 70.8% of mothers in the intervention group improved to a high knowledge level, with a statistically s ignificant difference compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a significant positive association between maternal knowledge and child feeding practices (ρ = 0.471; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, audiovisual education on “Isi Piringku” was effective in improving maternal knowledge of balanced nutrition and positively associated with better feeding practices. This method can serve as a relevant nutritional intervention strategy in primary health care services.

International Law’s Overlook of Muslim Women’s Rights: The Hijab Ban in Some Countries

Arianty Anggraeny Mangarengi — 2025-11-05

Hijab, a symbol of a muslim’s women devotion towards the Almighty God in Islam, as how they have to maintain their appearance in front of their male counterpart, by covering their hair, and most of their body parts that being consider as intimate area in Islam. However, there’s another part of the country where hijab is not consider as being freedom for women and seeing as an oppression. This article will look into the international law overlook of how the Muslim women’s right can be taken by the act of banning the hijab for the Muslim women to wear. A number of policies surrounding the issues of the hijab and niqab have been raised recently, and have rekindled the debate about the cultural accommodation, assimilation, and racism that often affects international migrants, racialized gro ups, and intersects with human rights law (Hijab_Niqab_and_the_Religious_Symbol_Deb, n.d.) . This article is using the normative research method, by gathering the references that link into the subject of the research. The normative research method is about exploring and recommending standards or ideals, often drawing from philosophy, ethics, or legal theory. It plays a critical role in shaping societal frameworks by guiding decisions about what is right, just, or ideal. The findings reveal that hijab bans constitute a form of structural discrimination against Muslim communities, disproportionately targeting women and violating international human rights standards. Court rulings that uphold such restrictions further exacerbate the prejudice, trauma, and exclusion experienced by Muslim women, particularly in educational settings. The legal stance of several countries remains inconsistent with international human rights principles, especially those concerning freedom of religion, cultural identity, and gender equality. Hijab bans are not only a violation of women's fundamental rights but also an erosion of pluralism a nd equality under international law. States are urged to align domestic policies with their international human rights obligations by ensuring that freedom of religion and cultural expression are protected. Future legal and policy frameworks must therefore prioritize inclusivity, safeguard the rights of minorities, and prevent discriminatory practices against Muslim women in both public and private spheres.

THE ROLE OF FAMILY AND HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL SUPPORT IN DIETARY ADHERENCE AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Nur Wahyuni Munir — 2025-10-05

BACKGROUND: Dietary adherence is a cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Family involvement and healthcare professional support have been identified as crucial determinants in improving patients’ compliance with dietary recommendations. This study aimed to examine the relationship between family support and healthcare professional support with dietary adherence among patients with T2DM. METHOD: A cross -sectional study was conducted among 67 T2DM patients attending Labuang Baji Hospital. Data were collected using the Dietary Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and standardized questionnaires assessing family support and healthcare professional support. Statistical analysis included correlation and multivariate regression to identify significant predictors of adherence with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS & DISCUSSION : Describe results and discussions of the research briefly and clearly related to the variables. The results of the chi -square statistical test showed that the family support variable (p < 0.001) and the health worker support variable (p = 0,004) have a relationship with dietary compliance. The results of the logistic regression test obtained a p value for the family support variable of 0.041, an Exp(B) value or an Odds Ratio of 11,844, which means that respondents who have good family s upport have an 11,844 times greater chance of being associated with dietary compliance in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients than those who have poor family support. CONCLUSION: Both family and healthcare professional support play a pivotal role in enhancing dietary adherence in patients with T2DM. Strengthening collaborative support systems may improve diabetes self-management and prevent long-term complications.

THE EFFECT OF AUDIOVISUAL HEALTH EDUCATION ON BULLYING BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENTS

Rahmawati Ramli — 2025-11-05

BACKGROUND: Bullying is aggressive behavior and intentional acts of violence perpetrated by an individual or group, repeatedly and over time, involving verbal, physical, psychological, and social media harm. This is caused by various factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of audiovisual health education on bullying behavior in adolescents at YP- PGRI Disamakan Junior High School in Makassar City. METHOD: This research method used a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design using a one -group pretest-posttest design. The sample was determined using total sampling with a sample size of 50 respondents. The instrument used in this study was a quest ionnaire. The statistical test used a paired sample t-test with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The bivariate test results showed a p -value for the knowledge variable (p=0.000), attitude variable (p=0.000), and action variable (p=0.000). This means that all variables were influenced by audiovisual health education for adolescents at SMP YP-PGRI Disamakan Makassar. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study is a significant influence between audiovisual health education and bullying behavior in adolescents. Therefore, it is hoped that students will be able to apply the knowledge and material gained through the audiovisual education process regarding bullying behavior in schools.

THE POTENTIAL OF CATFISH BONES (CLARIAS BATRACHUS) AS A SOURCE OF HYDROXYAPATITE FOR DENTAL REMINERALIZATION

Fadil Abdillah Arifin — 2025-10-05

BACKGROUND: Dental caries refers to the demineralization of the inorganic components of dental hard tissue, resulting in cavities. Dental caries remains the most prevalent disease observed across different societal strata globally. Diverse dental materials have demons trated efficacy in stimulating the remineralization process to prevent the development of dental caries. Catfish (Clarias batrachus) is a widely consumed source of protein across several populations. Catfish bones (Clarias batrachus) constitute the primary waste with the potential to produce materials rich in hydroxyapatite, which is significant for the dental remineralization. This study aims to assess the hydroxyapatite concentration in catfish bones (Clarias batrachus) as a potential alternative to food waste. METHOD: This research used laboratory experimental methodologies. Bone powder from Catfish (Clarias batrachus) was produced via a hydrothermal technique, and the hydroxyapatite content was identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The XRD analysis revealed that the hydroxyapatite content in catfish bone powder (Clarias batrachus) was 97.4%, with a calcium level of 2.6%. Hydroxyapatite features bioactive, biocompatible, bioresorbable, biodegradable, non - corrosive, and osteoconductive characteristics. These characteristics are optimally exhibited by materials utilized for regenerative treatment of dental hard tissues. CONCLUSION: Catfish bones (Clarias batrachus) can be used as an alternate resource for recycling into dental materials rich in hydroxyapatite, increasing dental remineralization.

The effect of murottal surah ar-rahman on labor pain adaptation AT H. PADJONGA HOSPITAL REGIONAL TAKALAR HOSPITAL

Idelriani Idelriani — 2025-10-05

BACKGROUND: Labor is the process of opening and thinning of the cervix, causing pain due to uterine contractions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the recitation of Surah Ar-Rahman on pain adaptation during the first stage of labor. METHOD: This study used a quantitative method, with a pre-experimental design (one-group pre-test - post-test). The respondent criteria were mothers in the first stage of labor aged 18-40 years. The population sampling technique used purposive sampling of 197 pe ople and the sampling technique used the Lemeshow formula with a total calculation of 39 samples. The pain assessment scale used the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon Signed -Rank test. This study was cond ucted from February 10 to March 10, 2025, at H. Padjonga Takalar Regional Hospital. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results obtained before the intervention for mothers in the first stage of labor were moderate pain (15.4%), severe pain (61.5%), and severe, uncontrolled pain (23.1%). However, after the intervention for mothers in the first stage of labor, pain levels decreased to moderate pain (59.0%) and severe pain (41.0%). The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test statistical analysis showed a statistically significant reduction in pain (p-value <0.001). CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study is that the recitation of Surah Ar-Rahman has a significant positive impact on adaptation to pain in the first stage of labor. This therapy is recommended as an alternative method for mothers in the first stage of labor and a s an inspiration for further research on mothers in the second stage of labor and mothers pre-section caesarea.

PROMOTING DENTAL HEALTH TO ENHANCE ISLAMIC VALUE AMOMG TEACHERS AT SDN 99 KAMPUNG BERU, TAKALAR

Taufan Lauddin — 2025-10-05

BACKGROUND: Issues related to oral and dental health are still widespread in Indonesia, mainly due to a lack of awareness and knowledge among the public, including teachers. In the context of Islam, oral hygiene carries significant spiritual importance, which can be utilized as an educational tool to promote better oral health. This research sought to examine the impact of promoting oral and dental health, based on Islamic values, on the enhancement of teachers knowledge at SDN 99 Kampung Beru, Takalar METHOD: The study employed an observational analytic design using a cross -sectional approach. A total of 30 teachers were selected as respondents through a total sampling technique. Data were gathered using pre-test and post-test questionnaires, which were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test with SPSS version 29. RESULTS & DISCUSSION : The results indicated a significant increase in the average knowledge scores of the teachers, rising from 6.87 (pre-test) to 9.63 (post-test), with a p-value of 0.000. CONCLUSION: This demonstrates that promoting oral and dental health through education based on Islamic values effectively improved the teachers' understanding of the significance of oral hygiene. In conclusion, the study found that promoting oral health based on Islamic values plays a significant role in improving the knowledge of teachers at SDN 99 Kampung Beru, Takalar

EFFECTIVENESS OF LOHMAN CHICKEN BONE WASTE ON OSTEOCLAST CELLS IN SOCKET PRESERVATION

Rachmi Bachtiar — 2025-10-05

BACKGROUND: Socket preservation is a widely adopted procedure aimed at minimizing post-extraction alveolar bone resorption, preserving ridge dimensions, and facilitating implant placement. Hydroxyapatite-based bone grafts derived from Lohmann chicken bone waste offer a promising biomaterial for bone regeneration while contributing to sustainable waste management. METHOD: This laboratory experimental study employed a post-test only control group design using 24 male Wistar rats divided into six groups. Socket preservation was performed using either Lohmann chicken bone graft or a commercially available bone graft material (control). Animals were sacrificed on days 7, 14, and 21. Histological assessment with Hematoxylin - Eosin (HE) staining was conducted to quantify osteoclast cells. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS & DISCUSSION : The Lohmann chicken bone graft group demonstrated a progressive reduction in osteoclast cell counts across all observation periods compared to the control group, with the most pronounced decrease on day 21. Although statistical analysis revealed no signi ficant differences (p > 0.05), the consistent downward trend indicates favorable bone remodeling activity. These findings align with previous studies highlighting the osteoconductive and bioactive properties of hydroxyapatite derived from animal bone sources. CONCLUSION: Bone graft derived from Lohmann chicken bone waste shows potential effectiveness in reducing osteoclast cell activity during socket preservation. supporting alveolar bone regeneration while providing an innovative solution for organic waste utilization. Further studies are recommended to optimize processing techniques and evaluate clinical applicability.

THE EFFECT OF EMPATHY AND NURSES' RESPONSIVENESS ON FAMILY LOYALTY AND ANXIETY IN THE PEDIATRIC INPATIENT ROOM OF LABUANG BAJI HOSPITAL

Andi Mappanganro — 2025-10-05

BACKGROUND: Quality health services are certainly expected to increase patient satisfaction, including nursing services. The issue of lack of quality of nurse services related to empathy and nurse responsiveness must be a concern to be addressed. This is certainly a challenge for nurses to improve the quality of services, including from the element of empathy and responsiveness of nurses in order to build community trust which can have an impact on family loyalty and comfort by decreasing patient or family anxiety The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of empathy and nurse responsiveness on family loyalty and anxiety in the Children's Inpatient Room of Labuang Baji Hospital. METHOD: The method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis using 80 samples with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The population sampling technique used questionnaires, with the anxiety level assessment scale using HARS (Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety). This research was conducted from January 28 to April 28, 2025 at Labuang Baji Makassar Hospital. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results of this study are the effect of empathy on patient loyalty (α: 0.003), only 22% of the patient's family rated the nurse as empathetic and had an impact on patient loyalty and the effect of empathy on family anxiety (α: 0.002), only 20% of the patient's family stated that the nurse was empathetic and had an impact on decreasing family anxiety. Furthermore, the effect of responsiveness to loyalty (α: 0.000) there were only 21% who stated that nurses were responsive and would remain loyal and the effect of responsiveness to family anxiety (α: 0.004) there were only 45% who felt that nurses were responsive and had an impact on decreasing the patient's family anxiety. The results of the statistical test showed a significant influence between all independent variables on all dependent variables. CONCLUSION: This study shows the influence of empathy and nurses' responsiveness on family loyalty and anxiety in the pediatric inpatient room of Labuang Baji Makaasar Hospital. Nurses' empathy and responsiveness are recommended to be improved in order to improve the quality of nurse services which is expected to have an impact on increasing loyalty and decreasing family anxiety levels.

Enhancing Food Security via Halal Slaughterhouse Regulations: A Policy Analysis of Indonesia’s Halal Food Sector

Muhammad Fachrurrazy — 2025-10-05

BACKGROUND: The halal food industry in Indonesia is critical for food safety and consumer protection, especially given its growing market. The absence of an effective regulatory framework for halal abattoirs presents challenges in ensuring food safety and integrity of halal products. This paper examines the imperative for regulations pertaining to halal abattoirs, emphasizing their contribution to improving food safety in Indonesia's halal food sector. METHOD: This research utilizes a mixed methods approach, examining current legislation, regulatory frameworks, and case studies to assess the efficacy of present procedures. RESULTS & DISCUSSION : This research suggests that the establishment of a comprehensive and standardized regulation for halal abattoirs is essential to improve traceability, safety, and overall food product security in Indonesia. with the chi-square method measuring tool to clar ify the effect of halal abattoirs on the number of micro -enterprises that can label their products.

Conflict and Collaboration Between Local Entrepreneurs and Destination Managers at Fort Rotterdam Makassar: A Qualitative Study

Muhammad Azriel — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: Heritage tourism creates interesting dynamics between local business owners and those managing the destinations. In Fort Rotterdam, Makassar, small vendors rely on heritage tourism for their livelihood, while destination managers prioritize conservation and visitor experience. When these interests don't align, it can lead to clashes over space, rules, and access. This study aims to examine these conflicts and collaborations to propose governance strategies that support inclusive and sustainable tourism. METHOD: This research applies a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews, short questionnaires, and participant observation with six informants, including local entrepreneurs, destination managers, and securi ty staff. Data were analyzed thematically to identify patterns of conflict, collaboration, and proposed solutions. RESULTS & DISCUSSION : As per the research, conflict is primarily due to restricted vending zones and associated inconsistent policies due to leadership changes and limited vendor autonomy. There is some cooperation, although it tends to be informal: dispute resolution is handle d by security, and local community trainings are designed to provide appropriate assistance. The findings show that informal ADR practices, combined with trust - building and empowerment initiatives, can enhance cooperation, although th ey suggest the need for formal systems to ensure prolonged cooperation. CONCLUSION: Holding regular meetings and open discussions can prevent conflicts from escalating. The research suggests establishing collaboratively designed zoning policies and inclusive mediation policies as well as transparent institutionalized channels for conflict resolution. Applying collaborative governance principles to conservation practices can help protect community livelihoods and enhance the autonomy of local entrepreneurs.

Exploring the Antioxidant Capacity of Syzygium aromaticum Flower Extract as a Natural Therapeutic Agent

Nur Asmah — 2025-10-06

Background: Dental pain is one of the most prevalent oral health problems experienced globally, including in Indonesia. According to the Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) 2023, dental caries and toothache account for approximately 43.6% of dental disorders in the country. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum ), an indigenous plant of Indonesia, is known to contain bioactive compounds with antibacterial activity, particularly against gram -negative bacteria. Moreover, clove flower extract has been reported to exhibit natural antioxidant properties that may protect against oxidative damage. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of clove flower extract (Syzygium aromaticum). Methods: This experimental laboratory study employed a post-test only design. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, with quercetin serving as the positive control. Results: The results demonstrated that clove flower extract exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 6.020 ppm, while quercetin showed an IC₅₀ of 5.485 ppm. These findings indicate that clove flower extract possesses significant antioxidant activity, though slightly lower than that of quercetin. Conclusion: Clove flower extract (Syzygium aromaticum) demonstrates promising antioxidant potential. Its bioactive constituents, including eugenol, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids, contribute to its ability to scavenge free radicals. This natural antioxidant source may be further explored for applications in healthcare, particularly in dentistry, to prevent oxidative damage.

ACCOUNTING INTEGRITY AND TAX COMPLIANCE OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES): A PHENOMENOLOGICAL CASE STUDY IN MAKASSAR

Andi Nurwanah — 2025-10-06

Background: Many MSME actors still face difficulties in conducting systematic financial records, managing human resources professionally, and understanding and fulfilling tax obligations, especially related to MSME taxes. This disintegration has an impact on weak transparency, accountability, and the potential for fiscal risks that can hinder business growth and sustainability. Therefore, it is important to dig deeper into the real experience of MSME actors in facing and managing these problems in an integr ated manner. The phenomenon that is often encountered in the field shows that most MSMEs in Makassar City still face challenges in integrating systematic accounting practices with professional human resource management. Many MSME actors have not done adequ ate financial recording, making it difficult for them to calculate their tax obligations correctly. In addition, labor management is often informal and poorly documented, which has an impact on disorderly tax reporting and potential administrative sanctions from tax authorities The method used is a phenomenological case study because many MSMEs face challenges in accountable accounting practices, efficient logical management of human resources, and compliance with tax obligations Results and Discussion : Several MSMEs who are informants, the results of the study show that accounting integrity is closely related to the level of MSME tax compliance in Makassar , where MSME business actors in financial recording vary, some apply recording and some do not apply recording so that it affects the fulfillment of tax obligations according to the rules. These findings confirm that low tax compliance is often influenced by the lack of awaren ess and ability of MSME actors in compiling accurate financial reports. In addition, environmental factors, such as the lack of assistance from the government and the complexity of tax regulations, are also obstacles. Thus, accounting integrity is not only a moral aspect, but also a practical instrument that e ncourages compliance, so it needs to be strengthened through training, education, and simplification of tax policies so that MSMEs can be more compliant and contribute optimally to state revenue. The conclusion of this study is that accounting integrity has an important role in encouraging tax compliance in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), especially in the city of Makassar. Through a phenomenological approach, it was found that MSME actors who maintain transparency in financial records, honesty in reporting, and consistency in business management are more likely to comply with tax obligations. Conversely, limited accounting knowledge and a tendency to ignore formal record -keeping are o ften factors that hinder compliance. Thus, improving accounting integrity, accompanied by education and assistance from relevant authorities, can be an effective strategy to strengthen MSME tax compliance in a sustainable manner.

EMPOWERING MSMEs THROUGH HALAL-BASED MANAGEMENT AS A STRATEGY TO STRENGTHEN THE ECONOMY OF MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES

Rastina Kalla — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of Indonesia’s economy. According to data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs, more than 99% of business units in Indonesia are MSMEs, employing over 90% of the national workforce. This contribution highlights the strategic role of MSMEs in economic development, income distribution, and employment creation. However, most MSMEs are still categorized as micro enterprises managed in a simple manner, generally by marginalized commu nities with limited access to capital, markets, technology, and managerial skills. This condition makes MSMEs vulnerable to market competition in terms of product quality and business sustainability. On the other hand, the growth of the global halal industry presents a significant opportunity to enhance the competitiveness of Indonesian MSMEs. The demand for halal products continues to rise, not only in the domestic market, where the majority of the population is Muslim, but also in international markets th at increasingly emphasize halal standards, hygiene, and sustainability. This positions halal certification and the implementation of halal-based management as key factors in building consumer trust and expanding market access for MSMEs. Through the adoption of halal -based management, MSMEs are not only directed to meet the formal requirements of certification but also to internalize halal values across their entire business processes. This includes human resource management, operational production management, marketing strategies, and supply chain management. METHOD: This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study method, focusing on an in -depth understanding of halal -based management practices in MSMEs run by marginalized communities. This approach was chosen to explore social phenomena, entrepreneurial experiences, and the dynamics of MSME empowerment in the context of the halal industry. The study involved 15 informants consisting of marginalized MSME actors, business mentors, and representatives of halal certification institutions. Data were coll ected through in -depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, which included data reduction, categorization, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The findings indicate that the implementation of halal -based management among marginalized MSMEs is still at an early stage. Most business actors have not fully understood halal standards, whether in terms of raw materials, production processes, or managerial recording. However, interventions through mentoring programs have proven to encourage positive changes. MSME actors have begun making simple adjustments, such as selecting halal raw materials, maintaining production hygiene, and a dopting basic business record-keeping. In terms of empowerment, there is evidence of increased knowledge and awareness among MSME actors regarding the importance of halal certification as an instrument of competitiveness. Several MSMEs have taken initiatives to apply for certification, although they still face obstacles related to costs and administrative complexity. Furthermore, there has been significant progress in halal -based marketing capabilities, including product labeling and digital promotion, whic h has enhanced product attractiveness to consumers. The tangible impact of implementing halal-based management is reflected in the strengthening of marginalized community economies. These findings reaffirm that halal-based management can serve as an effective strategy for MSME empowerment. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that halal-based management is not merely a fulfillment of spiritual aspects but also a business strategy that enhances added value, business reputation, and access to both domestic and global halal markets. Strengthening the economy o f marginalized communities can be achieved through sustainable and integrated MSME empowerment based on halal management principles.

INTEGRATING SUSTAINABILITY ACCOUNTING AND CIVIC EDUCATION TO FOSTER ETHICAL AWARENESS IN BUSINESS

Tenriwaru Tenriwaru — 2025-11-06

BACKGROUND: Business today is no longer measured only by financial profit but also by its impact on society and the environment. Sustainability accounting has emerged to meet this need, ensuring transparency in reporting environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. In Indonesia, Citizenship Education (PPKn) provides values of integrity, responsibility, and Pancasila -based ethics that are relevant for shaping ethical business practices. Yet, many sustainability reports remain formalistic, produced mainly for compliance with regulations such as those mandated by the Financial Services Authority (OJK). This gap between regulation and genuine ethical awareness shows the need for integration between sustainability accounting and civic education values . Such integration can strengthen ethical consciousness in business and align corporate practices with both global sustainability standards and national values. METHOD: This study employs a qualitative research approach with a descriptive-exploratory design, as the aim is to explore and understand the integration of sustainability accounting and civic education in building ethical awareness in business practices. The research informants consist of five participants, representing diverse perspectives: two accounting academicians, one civic education (PPKn) scholar, one corporate practitioner (sustainability/CSR manager), and one representative from a regulatory or p rofessional body (OJK or IAI). Informants were selected through purposive sampling, based on their expertise and relevance to the research topic. Data were collected through semi -structured interviews and document analysis of sustainability reports and relevant regulatory guidelines. To ensure the credibility of findings, the researcher employed triangulation of sources and methods. The data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which involves three main steps: (1) data redu ction, (2) data display, and (3) conclusion drawing/verification. This method allows for systematic interpretation of qualitative data while maintaining the contextual richness of informants’ perspectives. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The findings show that sustainability accounting provides a structured mechanism for companies to disclose environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices. However, most companies still treat sustainability reports as a regulatory obligation rather than as a tool for cultivating ethical values. From the perspective of civic education, informants emphasized that Pancasila values —particularly social justice, humanity, and responsibility—can strengthen the ethical foundation of business practices. When these values are integrated with sustainability accounting, reporting becomes more meaningful, reflecting not only compliance but also genuine commitment to society and the environment. These findings indicate that the integration of sustainability accounting and civic education can bridge the gap between regulation and ethical awareness in business. Sustainability accounting ensures transparency and accountability, while civic education provides the moral - philosophical framework rooted in Pancasila. Together, they form a complementary system that encourages businesses to move beyond profit orientation toward sustainable and socially responsible practices. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that sustainability accounting provides transparency in corporate reporting, but its implementation in Indonesia often remains regulatory in nature. Integrating civic education values, particularly those rooted in Pancasila, can trans form reporting into a tool for building ethical awareness in business. Such integration bridges the gap between compliance and genuine responsibility, encouraging companies to balance profit with social and environmental commitments.

THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS ON THE DYNAMICS OF RICE FARMER GROUPS (A STUDY OF FARMER GROUPS IN MAPPESANGKA VILLAGE, PONRE DISTRICT, BONE REGENCY)

Ida Rosada — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: Farmer groups are a forum for developing the strengths they have to be able to move and encourage the behavior of their members towards achieving group goals, so that farmer groups will develop to be more dynamic. The dynamics of farmer group members are joint movements carried out by farmer group members simultaneously and concurrently in carrying out all farmer group activities in achieving their goals. The objectives of the study are (1) To describe the characteristics of rice farmers (2) To analyze the dynamics of rice farmer groups. (3) To analyze the influence of farmer characteristics on farmer group dynamics. (4) To analyze the influence of internal factors on farmer group dynamics. (5) To analyze the influence of external factors on farmer group dynamics. METHOD: The research population was 285 people taken from 15 farmer groups at the research location. The determination of the sample of chairmen and secretaries used the purposive sampling method totaling 30 people and the determination of the number of member samples using the Slovin formula totaling 72 people so that the total number of respondents for administrators and members was 102 people. The research method used quantitative descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results of the study show that (1) The characteristics of rice farmers in Mappesangka Village, Ponre District, Bone Regency are on average 34 years old, 99 male farmers and 4 female farmers, the average number of family dependents is 3 people and the average length of time farmers have been farming is 19 years. (2) Based on the 8 components of farmer group dynamics, it shows that farmer group dynamics are in the dynamic category. (3) The characteristics of farmers have a positive a nd significant effect on farmer group dynamics. (4) Internal factors have a positive and significant effect on farmer group dynamics. (5) External factors have a significant and significant effect on farmer group dynamics. CONCLUSION: Farmer characteristics, internal factors, and external factors have a positive and significant influence on farmer group dynamics. It is hoped that group members will remain enthusiastic about carrying out group activities and maintain cohesiveness withi n the group, thereby achieving satisfaction in carrying out activities.

Shaping Innovative Youth Mindsets through Islamic Educational Psychology: Implications for the Sustainable Halal Industry

Andi Bunyamin — 2025-11-06

Background: The rapid expansion of the global halal industry has positioned it as a strategic sector contributing to sustainable economic development. However, sustaining this growth requires more than regulatory frameworks and technological innovation; it demands innovative mindsets among the younger generation as key drivers of change. Purpose: This study examines the role of Islamic educational psychology in shaping innovative youth mindsets and explores its implications for strengthening the sustainable halal industry ecosystem. Methods: Employing a qualitative research design, the study integrates literature review with thematic analysis of secondary data drawn from scholarly publications, global halal economy reports, and case studies of youth engagement in halal-based entrepreneurship. Results: The findings reveal that principles of Islamic educational psychology such as intrinsic religious motivation (niyyah), perseverance (mujahadah), and ethical creativity (adab al-ibda‘) play a crucial role in fostering innovative characteristics among Muslim youth. These include adaptability, digital literacy, and value -driven creativity, which directly align with the needs of halal sectors such as fintech, tourism, and digital marketplaces. Conclusion: The discussion highlights how integrating Islamic psychological values into educational frameworks can bridge the gap between religious education and global economic competitiveness. This study contributes theoretically by proposing a conceptual framework linking Islamic educational psychology with youth innovation, and practically by offering insights for policymakers, educators, and halal industry stakeholders. It concludes that nurturing innovative mindsets through Islamic educational psychology is essential to ensuring the resilience and sustainability of the halal industry in the contemporary global economy.

Halal Lifestyle and Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah: A Legal Reconstruction of Family Well-being in Contemporary Muslim Society

Ardi Ardi — 2025-10-06

The concept of halal lifestyle has increasingly become a global phenomenon, extending beyond the consumption of food and beverages into various aspects of social, economic, and spiritual life. For Muslim families, halal lifestyle is not only a matter of religious observance but also a fundamental framework for ensuring holistic well -being. This paper examines halal lifestyle from the perspective of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah and its implications for reconstructing the concept of family well-being in contemporary Muslim society. Using a qualitative normative approach, this study employs ushul fiqh and maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah as analytical frameworks, with primary data drawn from classical Islamic legal sources and secondary data from contemporary research on halal studies and family law. The findings reveal that halal lifestyle, when aligned with the objectives of sharia, ser ves as a comprehensive instrument for protecting essential values in family life: ḥifẓ al-nafs (protection of life), ḥifẓ al-nasl (protection of progeny), ḥifẓ al-māl (protection of wealth), and ḥifẓ al-‘ird (protection of dignity). This legal reconstruction underscores that halal lifestyle is not limited to individual practices but is integral to safeguarding and strengthening Muslim families against the challenges of globalization and digital transformation. The study contributes to the discourse on Islamic family law by offering a maqāṣid -based framework for promoting family well -being through halal lifestyle, with potential policy implications for integrating halal awareness into family and social regulations.

DISTRIBUTION AND USE OF SUBSIDIZED FERTILIZER IN RICE FARMING IN A HALAL AND LEGAL MANNER

Nurliani Nurliani — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: The problems that frequently arise in rice stem from two main issues: production costs and farmer welfare. Farmers continued high dependence on chemical fertilizers increases production costs and impacts their income. To meet the growing need for agricultural inputs, the government facilitates the procurement and distribution of subsidized fertilizers. The subsidy policy is expected to increase production, reduce production costs, and improve farmers' incomes. The aim of this research is to describe the distribution of subsidized fertilizer in rice paddy farming, to describe the use of subsidized fertilizer in a halal and legal manner based on the four rights principle (price, place, time, and quantity), and to determine the impact of subsidized fertilizer use on farmer production and income. METHOD: The research was conducted in the rice production center of Bone Regency, South Sulawesi. Survey methods and in -depth interviews were used with 69 members of farmer groups actively receiving fertilizer subsidies. Quantitative descriptive analysis and two-sample independent difference analysis were conducted RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The distribution mechanism for subsidized fertilizers, namely the responsibility for distribution and procurement of fertilizers is handed over to all Pupuk Indonesia producers with subsidiaries PT. Pupuk Sriwijaya and PT. Petrokimia Gresik, responsible for the distribution of fertilizer subsidies from Line I to Line III. Then Line IV becomes the responsibility of the distributing KUD. The use of subsidized fertilizers, namely Urea and NPK fertilizers, is based on the principle of four rights, the purchase price is higher than the highest retail price. Purchases are made within the village, subsidized fertilizers are difficult to obtain when needed, and the amount used does not match the recommended dosage. The results of checking the composition of fertilizers on the label, do not use unclean or haram materials, do not pollute the environment. Farmers' knowledge about halal fertilizers is very low. The use of subsidized fertilizers has a positive impact on farmer production and income. CONCLUSION: The distribution and use of subsidized fertilizer is based on the principle of the four rights: right price, right place, wrong time, and wrong amount. The practice of subsidized fertilizer use is in accordance with halal principles. The use of subsidized fertilizer has a positive impact on farmer production and income.

INTEGRATING ZAKAT AND WAQF WITH ISLAMIC BANKING FOR SUSTAINABLE SME DEVELOPMENT

Suhatnam Suhatnam — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: The strategic integration of zakat and waqf with Islamic banking is designed to systematically enhance the financial support for the development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sustainability. This area represents one of the numerous opportunities to utilize Islamic social finance. The proposed business model has yet to be the subject of a comprehensive investigation. The application of Islamic social finance within the proposed business model, as implemented in the real world, has the potential to contribute to the improvement of financial inclusion, poverty alleviation, and sustainable SME development, in addition to the enhancement of the Halal economy and the ecosystem. METHOD: This research employs a qualitative systematic literature review, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines for integrating projects within a single case study. A total of 45 scholarly articles published within the five -year period from 2015 to 2024 were retriev ed from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The research materials were imported for further analysis, during which thematic analysis was conducted to identify prevalent integration models, identify barriers to implementation, and ascertain the conditions that facilitate success. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: Examination of innovative financing models, including cash wakaf-linked sukuk, zakat -based venture capital, and cooperative financing models. These models are examined as a means of providing Shariah -compliant financing opportunities to SMEs. The analysi s indicates that these models can foster financial and social returns in accordance with the Maqasid al -Shariah framework. The primary obstacles impeding the widespread implementation of this initiative pertain to the disorganized regulatory framework, the absence of financial education for stakeholders, and the suboptimal effectiveness and efficiency of operations. The case studies of Indonesia and Malaysia illustrate the efficacy of financing models in enhancing SMEs' resilience and empowering the surrounding population. The following text is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject matter. CONCLUSION: The integration of zakat, waqf, and Islamic banking has resulted in a multifaceted framework that has the potential to accelerate sustainable financing for SMEs. The integration of a more centralized line index is a crucial step in addressing this issue. It is the considered opinion of the author of this study that the development of a more diverse array of Shariah-compliant products, as well as the implementation of active educational promotion, are appropriate steps for policymakers to take. The implementation of this initiative will facilitate the realization of the developmental objectives of Islamic financial institutions in a more suitable manner. Further studies are required to empirically assess the models that are currently in place and to conduct comparative research with other countries. The following text is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject matter.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS MEDIATOR BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

Muslim Muslim — 2025-11-06

BACKGROUND: In the context of modern dynamic business, issues of sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) have become a major concern along with increasing global challenges such as climate change, ecosystem degradation, and resource scarcity, as well as demands for transparency from stakeholders such as consumers, investors, and regulators. Companies can no longer pursue financial gains, but are also required to demonstrate their commitment to environmental sustainability and social contrib ution. Theoretically, the relationship between environmental performance and financial performance is still debated; this underscores the need for more comprehensive and contextual studies to examine whether CSR truly mediates the relationship between envi ronmental performance and financial performance, particularly in the manufacturing sector in developing countries that contribute significantly to pollution, waste, product safety, and labor issues. METHOD: The approach used is quantitative, with secondary data obtained from the annual reports of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The main focus of this study is to examine the direct and indirect effects of CSR on the relationship between env ironmental performance and financial performance. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The study's results indicate that CSR does not have a significant direct influence on the relationship between environmental performance and corporate financial performance. Although CSR can improve a company's image and relationships with stakeholders, its impact on financial performance is not immediately apparent in the short term. These findings support the view that CSR is more effective in building legitimacy and public trust. Therefore, integrating CSR into long-term business strategies remains important, as it can provide indirect benefits such as strengthening the company's competitive position and reducing operational risks. CONCLUSION: This study provides a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), environmental performance, and corporate financial performance. The findings show that although CSR is expected to have a positive impact on corporate reputation and gain broad social support, there is no significant evidence that CSR practices directly affect corporate financial performance. These results indicate that the influence of CSR is more often observed through increased social legitimacy and improved stakeholder relations than through direct impacts on financial figures. This study has significant practical value in both scientific and business fields. The uniqueness of this study lies in its innovative approach to expl oring the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR), environmental performance, and corporate financial performance in the contemporary industrial landscape. By delving into this complexity, this study equips practitioners and policymakers with new insights to integrate corporate social responsibility (CSR) into their business strategies as a sustainable investment in corporate reputation and stakeholder relations.

EVALUATION OF PRODUCTION CHARACTERS AND QUALITY OF CORN THROUGH SELFING RESULTS OF BC3F2 GENOTYPE ORIGINATED FROM PARENTS OF SRIKANDI PUTIH AND LOCAL WAXY CORN

Edy Edy — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: Corn variety development for food purposes is still very limited. Therefore, corn varieties with high production potential, palatability, and nutritional value are needed. This is crucial to anticipate staple food insecurity due to dependence solely on rice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the production characteristics and quality of corn resulting from self-produced BC3F2 genotypes derived from Srikandi Putih and Local Waxy corn varieties. This specific target was achieved through a series of crosses conducted to obtain the BC3F2 genotype. This promising genotype exhibits most of the desired characteristics from the initial cross of the two parents: the Srikandi Putih variety, which has a high protein content and yield, and the Local Waxy corn, which has a high amylopectin content. This BC3F2 genotype is the precursor to the new variety. METHOD: This study used a randomized block design with three treatments: off-white, semi- off-white, and bright white, with three replications. The determination of seed color was based on a qualitative test using iodine. This iodine test indicates differences in amylopectin levels between seed colors. At flowering, 3,600 plants were selfed to produce seeds of the BC3F3 genotype. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results showed that seed color generally had no significant effect on ear length and diameter. Plant height was 218.6 cm, male flowering age was 41 days after planting (DAP), female flowering age was 43 days after planting (DAP), ear length was 16.4 cm, ear diameter was 4.3 cm, and the highest number of leaves was found in the off-white seed color with 15 leaves. CONCLUSION: Growth and production analysis showed that the high production potential of Srikandi Putih is inherited, as is the glutinous character (high amylopectin) in the BC3F3 genotype.

Religious Digital Literacy of Generation Z, A Syatemic Literacy Review on the Acceptance of Moderated Preaching in the Post-Truth Era

Muhammad Ishaq Samad — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: Generation Z, born between 1997 and 2012, has a high level of exposure to digital technology. This phenomenon presents both opportunities and challenges for the dissemination of religious values, particularly the preaching of moderation. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of digital religious literacy in supporting the acceptance of preaching of moderation among Generation Z. METHOD: This study used a systematic literature review method by analyzing 40 empirical studies screened from 500 academic papers. Data were extracted using a large language model, focusing on the study design, population, digital platform, variables, and key findings. RESULTS & DISCUSSION : The review results indicate that digital interventions such as digital Quran platforms, social media (Instagram, TikTok, WhatsApp), and dedicated apps (e.g., Our Muslim Generation) significantly increase religious literacy and religious moderation. A stu dy by Ma'arif et al. (2024) reported an increase in moderation awareness from 0% to 100%, while the OMG app increased tolerance scores by 46%. Factors such as business expectations, social influence, and content quality are key determinants of success. CONCLUSION: Religious digital literacy plays a crucial role in strengthening moderate preaching among Generation Z. However, its effectiveness depends heavily on content quality, source credibility, and platform suitability. It is recommended to develop content that is interactive, credible, and appropriate to the characteristics of Generation Z.

THE ROLE OF CULTURAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HALAL PRODUCTS IN SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA

Kasnaeny Karim — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: The implementation of halal products in Indonesia, particularly in South Sulawesi, is becoming increasingly relevant as consumer awareness grows regarding the importance of sharia -compliant food and beverages. Local cultural philosophies, especially those originating from the Bugis Makassar culture, play a significant role in shaping the attitudes and practices of business actors in this sector. This study aims to explore how local cultural values influence the implementation of halal products w ithin the food and beverage industry. METHOD: The method used in this research is qualitative, with data collection through in - depth interviews and participatory observation. The number of informants involved in this study is 15 business actors from the food and beverage sector who have implemented halal principles in their products. Informant criteria include business actors who have a minimum of two years of experience in the industry and possess halal certification. RESULTS & DISCUSSION : The research results indicate that business actors in South Sulawesi who apply the Bugis Makassar cultural philosophy in their businesses not only meet the halal requirements but also create a strong emotional connection with consumers. Cultural values such as 'siri'' (self -esteem/honor) and 'malebbi' (honesty/integrity) were proven to be significant in influencing the attitudes of business actors. Many informants stated that they feel responsible for maintaining the reputation and tru st of the community towards the products they offer, which motivates them to ensure that all production processes comply with high standards. Furthermore, the study found that transparency in the production process, which is linked to the value of honesty, is crucial for building consumer trust. Business actors who provide clear information regarding halal certification and production processes tend to gain customer loyalty. Innovation also emerged as an important theme in the research findings. Business actors who understand and apply the Bugis Makassar cultural values are better able to develop halal products that not only meet sharia standards but also showcase the richness of local cuisine. For example, some entrepreneurs created product variants that co mbine traditional recipes with modern methods, which enhances the product's appeal in the market. CONCLUSION: the conclusion of this study indicates that cultural philosophy, which encompasses values such as honesty, responsibility, and mutual respect, contributes significantly to shaping the practices of halal product implementation and increasing consumer trust in these products. The suggestion given is for business actors to further integrate local cultural values into their marketing strategies and halal product development, as well as to increase collaboration with relevant institutions through tra ining, to strengthen public understanding of the importance of culturally-based halal products.

HALAL-ORIENTED TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN MULTICULTURAL ARCHIPELAGIC COMMUNITIES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMES

Muhammad Nusran — 2025-10-06

Background: In halal-certified industries, Total Quality Management (TQM) is essential for maintaining competitiveness. However, the implementation of halal -oriented TQM in archipelagic regions, such as Papua, remains largely unexplored. These regions present unique challenges due to limited infrastructure, extended supply chains, and diverse demographic compositions. This study addresses this gap by investigating the implementation of halal - oriented TQM in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) within multicu ltural archipelagic contexts. Method: Adopting a qualitative and systems -based analysis, this research maps current practices to understand how halal standards are integrated into existing quality management systems. It identifies cultural and logistical barriers that impede the effective im plementation of halal -oriented TQM. The study proposes adaptive strategies that consider the specific challenges and opportunities present in remote island communities. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and field observations across seve ral SMEs in Papua, focusing on their operational processes and interactions with both Muslim and non-Muslim stakeholders. Results and Discussion : The findings reveal that halal TQM in remote island communities requires a strong emphasis on inclusive stakeholder engagement, ensuring that all community members are involved in the quality management process. Localized certification mechanisms are nec essary to address the resource constraints and logistical challenges of these environments. Continuous improvement strategies must be tailored to suit the limited resources and unique cultural dynamics of these areas. The research highlights the need for i ntegrating local knowledge and practices to enhance the acceptance and effectiveness of halal TQM. Conclusion: This study contributes to the broader discourse on TQM by extending it into halal contexts within multicultural archipelagic settings. The managerial implications include practical strategies for SMEs to effectively implement halal -oriented TQM, enhancin g their competitiveness and sustainability. The policy implications suggest the need for supportive frameworks that facilitate localized certification and promote inclusive stakeholder engagement. Future research should focus on developing quanti tative metrics to assess the impact of halal TQM on business performance and community well-being in similar contexts.

Developing A Halal Manufacturing System for Smes in Remote Archipelagic Regions: A Systems Engineering Approach

Sitnah Aisyah Marasabessy — 2025-10-06

Background: Halal manufacturing has seen significant growth, yet its implementation in remote archipelagic regions remains underexplored. These areas, characterized by geographical isolation, limited supply chain access, and diverse cultural landscapes, present unique challenges to establishing robust halal manufacturing systems. This study addresses this gap by employing a systems engineering approach to design and analyze halal manufacturing systems specifically tailored for small and medium -sized enterpr ises (SMEs) in the Papua archipelago. Method: The research utilizes system mapping and stakeholder analysis to comprehensively understand the multifaceted issues at play. This includes identifying key barriers to seamless supply chain integration, navigating complex certification processes, and addr essing infrastructural limitations. Data was gathered through field research, interviews with SME owners, halal certification bodies, and community representatives. The analysis focuses on the intricate interplay between technological, logistical, and socio-cultural factors. Results and Discussion: The findings reveal that a resilient halal manufacturing system in this context necessitates a multi -pronged strategy. Digital traceability systems are crucial for ensuring halal compliance and building consumer trust. Adaptive logistics solutions are essential to overcome the challenges of remote transportation and storage. Perhaps most importantly, the study underscores the need for inclusive stakeholder collaboration, fostering understanding and shared responsibility across both M uslim and non -Muslim communities. This collaboration is key to building a system that is not only halal-compliant but also culturally sensitive and economically sustainable. Conclusion: This research contributes a novel framework for resilient halal manufacturing that is specifically adapted to the unique challenges of remote island contexts. It provides both theoretical insights and practical recommendations for policymakers, industry practitioners, and community leaders seeking to promote halal manufacturing in similar regions.

SHIRKAH AS A RISK MANAGEMENT MECHANISM FOR HALAL SMES IN INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Sinta Kasim — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: Halal Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia face various risks, such as limited capital, supply chain disruptions, market fluctuations, and contract uncertainty. Conventional risk management instruments such as insurance or collateralized financing often use a risk transfer model that is contrary to Islamic economic principles. In contrast, Shirkah profit -sharing partnerships based on Islamic law offer a risk - sharing mechanism that serves not only as a financing contract but also as a strategic framework for risk mitigation. However, the current literature discusses Shirkah more as a form of contract, rather than as an integrated risk management model. Therefore, this study aims to systematically examine how Shirkah is conceptu alized and applied as a risk management mechanism in halal SMEs. METHOD: The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA protocol. Peer -reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025 sourced from Scopus, Google Scholar, Dimensions, and DOAJ use keywords such as "Shirkah", "risk management", and "Halal SMEs". Studies focusing on Shirkah-based risk-sharing mechanisms in SMEs were included, while non-empirical studies, non-Islamic financial contexts, and non-peer-reviewed sources were excluded. After initial screening and deduplication, 142 arti cles were identified, and 30 articles were selected for thematic synthesis. The analysis classifies the findings into dominant patterns, conceptual models, and research gaps regarding the use of Shirkah as a risk management mechanism. RESULTS & DISCUSSION : The systematic review of 30 selected articles reveals that Shirkah has been primarily applied within financing frameworks through Musharakah and Mudarabah contracts. Its role as an institutionalized risk management mechanism remains underexplored. Thematic synthesis indicates that Shirkah-based partnerships enable equitable distribution of risk between capital providers and entrepreneurs, thereby reducing default risk and enhancing business resilience. Key challenges identified include asymmetric information, lack of standardized governance, and limited literacy among SME actors regarding Shirkah principles. Based on these findings, a conceptual model is proposed, positioning Shirkah as a hybrid mechanism that integrates financial partnership, collective responsibility, and strategic risk-sharing. CONCLUSION: Shirkah demonstrates strong potential as a risk management mechanism for halal SMEs in Indonesia, supporting a paradigm shift from conventional risk transfer toward risk-sharing. The review suggests that future research should focus on empirical validati on, regulatory alignment, and digital -based implementation to enhance scalability, adoption, and sustainability of Shirkah-based risk management models.

Dietary Consumption Behaviors among Poor Households in Maros Regency

Andi Nursiah — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: Household food consumption behavior is a critical determinant of nutritional status and population health. In low -income families, limited purchasing power often leads to inadequate dietary quality and diversity, which heightens the risk of chronic energy deficiency, anemia, and childhood stunting, with long -term consequences for productivity and well -being. This study aimed (1) to determine the effect of nutrition knowledge on healthy -living motivation and lifestyle among poor households in Mar os Regency; (2) to examine the effect of socioeconomic status on healthy -living motivation and lifestyle; (3) to assess the combined effects of nutrition knowledge and socioeconomic status on dietary consumption behaviors; and (4) to evaluate the effects of healthy-living motivation and lifestyle on dietary consumption behaviors. METHOD: An ex-post facto, quantitative survey design was employed. The model specified exogenous variables socioeconomic status (X1) and nutrition knowledge (X2); an additional exogenous/mediating variable, healthy -living motivation (X3); an intermediate (mediat ing) variable, lifestyle (X4); and the endogenous outcome, dietary consumption behavior (X5). The study was conducted in Tukamasea, Mattoangin, Minasa Baji, and Alatengae villages, Bantimurung Sub-district, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia . The primary locus was poor households in these four villages. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, specifically Path Analysis. The sample comprised 200 households. RESULTS: The findings indicate: (1) socioeconomic status exerts both direct and indirect effects on dietary consumption behaviors; (2) nutrition knowledge has a direct effect on dietary consumption behaviors and an indirect effect through lifestyle; (3) healthy -living motivation has a direct effect on dietary consumption behaviors and an indirect effect via lifestyle; and (4) lifestyle itself has a significant effect on dietary consumption behaviors. CONCLUSION: Dietary behaviors among low -income households are shaped by structural and psychosocial factors: socioeconomic status exerts direct and indirect effects; nutrition knowledge and healthy -living motivation each have direct effects and additional indirect effects through lifestyle; and lifestyle itself significantly predicts diet quality. These findings underscore the need for integrated interventions that alleviate socioeconomic constraints while enhancing knowledge, motivation, and supportive lif estyle practices to achieve sustainable improvements in dietary consumption.

PRODUCTION AND DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING OF COLLAGEN FROM SHRIMP SHELL WASTE AS A RAW MATERIAL FOR “CACA” ANTI-AGING CREAM TO SUPPORT THE HALAL AND COSMETIC INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA

Sukmawati Sukmawati — 2025-10-06

Background: Anti-aging cream is a cosmetic product designed to effectively reduce the appearance of fine and coarse lines, minimize wrinkles, and significantly improve skin moisture, resulting in a younger and glowing complexion. The main advantage of this product lies in its active ingredient—natural collagen extracted from shrimp shell waste. This collagen is natural and safe, particularly from the halal perspective. Collagen is a key structural protein in the human body that contributes to skin integrity and connect ive tissue strength. One of its most recognized benefits is maintaining the structural resilience and tensile strength of the skin. Method: The formulation of the “CACA” anti-aging cream was carried out by preparing two phases. Oil phase: Stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, Span 80, and propyl paraben were melted sequentially in a porcelain dish on a water bath at 70°C with continuous stirring until homogeneous. Aqueous phase: Water was heated to 70°C, methyl paraben was added and stirred until dissolved, followed by glycerin, Tween 80, and triethanolamine (TEA), and stirred until homogeneous. The oil phase was then gradually added to the aque ous phase in a heated mortar and triturated until the temperature reached 25°C, forming a cream mass. The collagen extract and olive oil were added, followed by further trituration until homogeneous. The final product was an oil-in-water (O/W) cream formulated with collagen concentrations of 10% and 15%. The cream was evaluated for its physical quality, including organoleptic properties, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, and pH. Results and Discussion: Spreadability test: The ideal spreadability for topical preparations is 5–7 cm. The spreadability test evaluates the ability of the cream to spread over the skin surface, which is crucial for uniform active ingredient distribution. The results showed that formulations F1, F2, and the base had diameters of 4.2 ± 0.30 cm, 4.1 ± 0.50 cm, and 4.5 ± 0.20 cm, respectively, indicating acceptable spreadability. Adhesion test: This test determines how well the cream adheres to the skin. Longer adhesion time indicates stronger interaction between the formulation and the skin. The average adhesion times were 158 ± 13 s (F1), 187 ± 60 s (F2), and 101 ± 24 s (base), all exceeding the minimum requirement (>4 s), thus meeting the standards for good adhesion. Sun Protection Factor (SPF): The SPF values of F1 and F2 were 1.07 ± 0.11 and 4.48 ± 0.16, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences between formulations. F1 provided weak protection, while F2 offered moderate protectio n. These findings suggest that collagen extract from shrimp shells contributes to enhanced sun protection efficacy and supports its use as a bioactive anti-aging ingredient. Conclusion: The collagen extracted from shrimp shell waste, formulated at concentrations of 10% and 15%, produced creams that met physical quality standards. The 15% formulation demonstrated an SPF value of 4.48, classified as moderate protection. Therefore, “CACA” cream has promising potential as a halal -certified, natural anti -aging cosmetic product with additional antibacterial activity.

EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY OF INTEGRATED SMART HEALTHCARE IMPLEMENTATION IN COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER

Andi Muhammad Multazam — 2026-09-06

BACKGROUND: The government encourages digital health transformation through the SATUSEHAT blueprint, but implementation in the regions is still weak. The high workload of health workers and data inequality between service units can have an impact on the quality of services and users. This study aimed to develop the concept of efficient and quality health service innovation through the implementation of an integrated smart healthcare system in health centers. METHOD: mixed-methods with a sequential explanatory design. Informants: health workers (doctors, midwives, nurses, admins), heads of health offices, heads of health centers & program managers, and users of health center services. Data collection: surveys using questionnaires, FGDs, workshops, observations, and in-depth interviews. RESULT & DISCUSSION: All locations are in the Prima Zone (Smart Champions) category, indicating solid internal strength and the utilization of external opportunities for Smart Healthcare. The local wisdom of the Tengger ethnic -based wound treatment uses whatever is in nature to stop the bleeding and increase the wound healing process.

Challenges and Opportunities of Halal Education in Raising MSMEs Awareness in the Era of the Sharia Economy

Sri Sudarmi Amir Rumae — 2025-11-06

BACKGROUND: The growth of the sharia economy in Indonesia offers significant opportunities for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to contribute to an increasingly competitive halal industry. However, the awareness level of MSME actors regarding the importan ce of halal standards still faces various challenges, such as limited knowledge, lack of access to formal education, as well as the perceived complexity and cost of halal certification procedures. METHOD: This study aims to explore the challenges and opportunities of halal education in raising MSME awareness in the era of the sharia economy. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through in -depth interviews with MSME actors in the food and cosm etics sectors, observations, and document analysis related to halal education policies. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The findings reveal that although there are still challenges in terms of limited resources and low halal literacy, significant opportunities arise from government support, community involvement, digital -based education, and increasing consumer demand for halal products. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight that halal education serves as a strategic factor in strengthening MSME awareness, enhancing competitiveness, and supporting the sustainability of the sharia economy at both local and global levels.

Regulatory Policy on Halal Food Products for MSMEs in Makassar City

Andi Mirnawati — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: The growing public awareness of the importance of halal assurance in food products has led to stricter regulatory enforcement, particularly for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). In Makassar City, this policy is strategically important since M SMEs represent the backbone of the local economy. However, many MSMEs still face challenges in obtaining halal certification due to limited knowledge, high costs, and restricted institutional access. METHOD: This study employed a qualitative approach with data collected through in -depth interviews with 15 food MSME actors, field observations, and literature review. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis with a triangulation of sources approach. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The findings revealed that while most MSME actors recognize the importance of halal labeling, only a few have obtained official halal certification. The main barriers include certification costs, lack of procedural knowledge, and limited access to certification institutions. Local government and related institutions have initiated efforts such as socialization programs, training, and certification facilitation, which can enhance the competitiveness of Makassar’s food MSMEs in both local and global markets. CONCLUSION: The implementation of halal regulatory policies for MSMEs in Makassar City still faces several challenges, but these can be overcome through stronger collaboration between the government, certification bodies, and business actors. Effective regulatory support and MSME empowerment are crucial to creating a sustainable halal food product ecosystem.

CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) IN HALAL INDUSTRY EDUCATION FOR MSMES IN MAKASSAR CITY

Enne Enne — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is a crucial component in ensuring product quality, safety, and sustainability within the halal industry. In the context of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), particularly in Makassar City as one of the centers of creative industry growth, the implementation of OSH still faces significant challenges. Halal education that integrates OSH aspects has not been fully understood by MSME actors, resulting in production processes that often do not meet hygiene, safety, and sharia standards. METHOD: This study applied a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review, field observation, and in -depth interviews with several MSME actors in Makassar City. The data were analyzed using content analysis to identify the main challenges and opportunities in strengthening OSH within halal industry education. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The findings reveal that limited knowledge of OSH, lack of financial support, and restricted access to halal training are the main obstacles in implementation. Most MSME actors still perceive halal certification merely as a formal label, without integrating OSH principles into production processes. In addition, weak collaboration between local government, halal certification bodies, and MSME communities further slows the implementation of halal standards aligned with occupational health and safety principles. CONCLUSION: The implementation of OSH in halal industry education among MSMEs in Makassar City still faces considerable challenges in terms of human resources, funding, and conceptual understanding. Therefore, an integrated education program, subsidized training, and supportive local government regulations are required to strengthen halal literacy based on OSH. With these measures, MSMEs in Makassar can enhance competitiveness and consumer trust both in national and global markets.

Study on the Antimitotic Effect of Syzygium oblanceolatum C.B. Rob Merr Stem Bark Extract through Sea Urchin (Tripneustes gratilla Linn) Egg Division and Cell Line Evaluation

Ahmad Najib — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: Syzygium oblanceolatum C.B. Rob Merr (local name jampu salo) from the Myrtaceae family is a medicinal plant containing secondary metabolites with potential anticancer properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antimitotic activity of jampu salo stem bark extract using sea urchin ( Tripneustes gratilla Linn) egg cell division as a model and to assess its cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. METHOD: Plant material was collected from Limapocoe Village, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, and extracted with 96% ethanol, yielding 0.305%. The crude extract was fractionated into n -hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and ethanol fractions. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids, while steroids and saponins were absent. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: Antimitotic testing demonstrated significant inhibition of sea urchin egg cell division, with a clear dose -dependent effect. The IC₅₀ values obtained were 0.216 µg/mL for ethanol extract, 0.268 µg/mL for ethyl acetate fraction, 0.318 µg/mL for methanol fraction, and 0.515 µg/mL for ethanol fraction, indicating very strong activity in the sub-µg/mL category. These results highlight the potency of jampu salo extract as an inhibitor of mitotic processes, supporting its potential as a sour ce of bioactive compounds with anticancer relevance. Further cytotoxicity evaluation showed that in T47D cells, the ethanol extract exhibited limited effects at 500 µg/mL but reduced viability to 52.9% at 62.5 µg/mL. Stronger activity was observed in 4T1 cells, with cell viability decreasing to 67% at 500 µg/mL and 27% at 100 µg/mL, suggesting higher sensitivity. In comparison, doxorubicin as the positive control consistently demonstrated stronger cytotoxicity with lower IC₅₀ values. CONCLUSION: Overall, these findings indicate that jampu salo possesses potent antimitotic activity and shows promise as a natural candidate for anticancer drug development.

HALAL EDUCATION FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD IN (BUILDING A MORAL FOUNDATION FROM AN EARLY AGE)

Subaedah Subaedah — 2025-10-06

This study aims to describe indepth the practice of halal education for early childhood within the context of the local wisdom of the Barru community, Tana Ugi', South Sulawesi. An ethnographic approach was used to understand the process of transmitting halal values through social interactions between educators, parents, and the surrounding environment. Data were collected through participant observation, in -depth interviews with seven early childhood education (PAUD) educators, 15 parents, and 5 religiou s leaders, and documentation of learning activities at two Islamic -based early childhood education institutions in Barru Regency. The study results showed that 87% of teachers actively integrate halal values into the learning process, such as through the use of Islamic teaching materials, the habit of reciting prayers before meals, and the selection of halal foods in school activities. Seventy-three percent of parent’s support halal education at home by monitoring their children's food and viewing, and by modeling Islamic behavior. Meanwhile, 65% of children are able to recognize halal and haram foods in simple ways, such as avoidin g foods that do not have a halal label. Local cultural values such as siri', pacce, and sipakatau also strengthen the instillation of halal values through a contextual moral approach. The conclusion of this study indicates that halal education in Barru is a social practice that develops from an early age, stemming from a collaboration between Islamic teachings and local Bugis culture, and is influenced by the example of parents and the child's environment. The high level of involvement from educators and parents indicates that the foundation of halal education has been firmly established from an early age in Barru tana ugi'.

Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) Intervention and Nutrition Education to Reduce Blood Glucose in Prediabetic Patients at Kassi-kassi Public Health Center

Alief Ihram Fatany — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine the effect of foxtail millet ( Setaria italica) and health education on blood glucose changes in prediabetic patients at Kassi -kassi Public Health Center, Makassar. Foxtail millet is a plant -based food that may reduce the risk of diabetes by lowering blood glucose levels and improving the insulin response in the body. METHOD: This study is quantitative research using a pretest –posttest control group design. The study population consisted of 1.481 individuals with prediabetes in Kassi-kassi, Makassar District. The sample was obtained through population screening to identify ne w prediabetes cases, and 46 participants were selected using simple random sampling. The intervention group (n = 23) received foxtail millet, while the control group (n = 23) received health education. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: There was a significant effect of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and health education on blood glucose levels in prediabetic patients at Kassi -kassi Public Health Center, Makassar. In the intervention group, the mean fasting blood glucose decreased from 113.11 ± 8.68 mg/dl before intervention to 100.84 ± 8.53 mg/dl after intervention (p = 0.000). In the control group, the mean decreased slightly from 113.32 ± 6.93 mg/dl to 111.09 ± 9.54 mg/dl (p = 0.048). The mean difference between the two groups after intervention was −10.25 mg/dl, indicating that the reduction in the intervention group was greater than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Foxtail millet flour shows potential as a functional food to reduce blood glucose levels among prediabetes patients. This research highlights the integration of halal science and public health nutrition in diabetes prevention.

Empowerment of PKK Through the Production of Moringa–Coriander Herbal Capsules Enhancing Community Health and Economic Value

Sitti Rahbiah — 2025-10-06

The diversity of local herbal industries presents a strategic opportunity for villages to improve public health while simultaneously creating new economic value. Through the empowerment of PKK (Family Welfare Empowerment group), this community engagement p rogram involved socialization, counseling, training in capsule production, mentoring, and evaluation. A total of 31 participants, consisting of PKK leaders and members, were involved in the program, which aimed to transform local herbal potential into high -value and competitive products. The program's effectiveness was measured through pre-test and post-test evaluations. In the production sector, the main challenges faced by the community partners included a lack of understanding of the benefits of local herbal plants and limited processing skills. Another obstacle was the general disinterest in consuming moringa and coriander in their raw form. The socialization sessions led to a significant increase in participants' knowledge regarding the benefits and nutritional content of moringa and coriander leaves, with scores rising from 46.74% (pre-test) to 84.17% (post-test). Meanwhile, in the counseling and simulation sessions on capsule production, participant understanding improved from 46.84% to 80.52%. These results reflect the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary educative -participatory approach in building the capacity of PKK members to utilize local herbs as practical and value-added health products. Improvements in community empowerment were also evident in the social sector, particularly in overcoming limited initial knowledge, doubts about the effectiveness of herbal capsules, and the lack of supporting facilities. The implementation of capsule production through training, mentoring, and evaluation showed a notable transformation, with scores increasing from 45.10% to 83.75%. The outcomes include increased literacy, open ness, and self-confidence among PKK members in the production of herbal capsules. This success illustrates the impact of the applied educative -participatory method. Beyond producing practical and marketable moringa–coriander capsules, the program also contributes to strengthening family welfare and promoting sustainable local economic growth.

SANTRI’S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HIV/AIDS IN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL IN MAKASSAR CITY

Fatmah Afrianty Gobel — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: Islamic boarding school students (santri) are part of a group of adolescents who mostly live in closed environments and have limited access to health information. Material on reproductive health and HIV/AIDS is often not a priority in the Islamic boarding school curriculum due to various value and cultural considerations. This condition can create a gap in students' knowledge about HIV/AIDS, including regarding transmission methods, prevention, and attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). Sev eral studies in Indonesia show that the level of knowledge of adolescents, especially in Islamic boarding schools, about HIV/AIDS is still relatively low. This has the potential to give rise to misconceptions, stigma, and discrimination against PLHIV, as w ell as hindering efforts to prevent HIV transmission. Therefore, it is important to determine the level and quality of students' knowledge about HIV/AIDS as a first step in designing health education programs that are appropriate to the cultural context and religious values in Islamic boarding schools. This study aims to explore in depth the students' understanding of HIV/AIDS, including the sources of information they access, as well as their perceptions and attitudes regarding this disease. The research results are expected to be the basis for developing more effective and sustainable health promotion and HIV/AIDS education programs in Islamic boarding schools, as well as supporting HIV/AIDS prevention efforts among adolescents in Makassar City. METHOD: Qualitative research method, the informants in this study were santri of the Darul Aman Gombara Islamic Boarding School, Makassar City. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: In-depth interviews were conducted with 4 informants, santri’s aged 17-18 years old. Most of them had heard about HIV/AIDS, some learned about it from social media, school lessons, and discussions with their friends. Understanding of transmission methods is still limited to sexual intercourse, transmission through blood, and some believe that maintaining personal hygiene can prevent and avoid contracting HIV. Generally, they admitted that they would limit their social interactions if a friend was infected with HIV, for fear of being infected. CONCLUSION: Understanding of how to prevent and transmit HIV among students is not yet comprehensive.

INTEGRASI KURIKULUM HALAL PADA PENDIDIKAN TINGGI (STUDI KASUS DI PERGURUAN TINGGI ISLAM)

Akhmad Syahid — 2025-10-06

This study aims to analyze the integration of the halal curriculum in Islamic higher education through a case study of seven Islamic universities in Makassar. The research focuses on the planning, implementation, and evaluation processes of the halal curri culum as well as the challenges faced in its application. A qualitative approach with a case study method was used, and data were collected through in -depth interviews, field observations, and academic document analysis such as course outlines (RPS), syll abi, and curriculum guides. The seven institutions involved in this study are Universitas Muslim Indonesia (UMI), UIN Alauddin Makassar, Universitas Islam Makassar (UIM), Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Universitas DDI Makassar, STIBA Makassar, and STAI Al-Azhar Gowa. The results indicate that most universities have begun to integrate or incorporate halal principles into their curricula, either through specific halal-related courses or by strengthening Islamic values in general and professional education. The integration approach is carried out using various models, such as thematic, interdisciplinary, and Islamic competency -based approaches. However, implementation still faces several challenges, including limited lecturer competence in the field of halal, the absence of a standardized national halal module, and a lack of workshops and coordination among higher education institutions. The study recommends the need for synergy between the government, universities as educational institutions, and halal certification bodies to promote the strengthening of national and sustainable halal curriculum policies. The integration of the halal curriculum has proven not only to strengthen students’ Islamic identity but also to prepare them to become graduates ready to face the challenges of the global halal industry ethically and professionally, and to respond to modern globalization.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN MAKASSAR: TOWARD AN AGE-FRIENDLY CITY

Irma Nur Afiah — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: The increasing proportion of older adults in Makassar, from 8.34% in 2010 to 9.62% in 2023, reflects a demographic shift toward an aging society. This trend raises concerns regarding the health, independence, and well-being of older adults. Activities of Daily Living (ADL), which represent the ability to perform essential self -care tasks such as eating, bathing, and dressing, are closely associated with well -being and overall life satisfaction. However, limited studies have examined this relatio nship in the context of urban older adults in Makassar. METHOD: This cross-sectional study involved 44 older adults aged 60 years and above living in several districts of Makassar. Data on ADL were collected using the Katz Index, while well- being was assessed through the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression to identify relationships between ADL scores and well-being levels. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between ADL and well -being (r = 0.62, p < 0.01), indicating that higher functional independence contributes to better well -being among older adults. Regression analysis showed that ADL explained 38 % of the variance in well -being. The results suggest that maintaining daily functional ability is crucial for promoting psychological and social well -being in the aging population. These findings highlight the importance of community-based programs and policy initiatives that enhance functional independence as part of age-friendly city strategies. CONCLUSION: ADL significantly influences the well -being of older adults in Makassar. Strengthening programs that support physical function, self-care skills, and social participation can improve the overall well-being of the elderly and align with Makassar’s goal of becoming an age-friendly city by 2030.

FOOD LOSS RISK ANALYSIS IN THE COCOA SUPPLY CHAIN USING FMEA AND AHP METHODS IN SOUTH SULAWESI INDONESIA

Nurul Chairany — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: Cocoa is one of Indonesia’s leading plantation commodities that plays a vital role in the national economy. However, the cocoa supply chain faces significant challenges, particularly the high risk of food loss occurring from production to distribution stages. This issue leads to decreased product quality and quantity, logistics inefficiency, and economic losses for farmers and other supply chain actors. This study aims to identify the types of food loss risks occurring along the cocoa supply chain in South Sulawesi, Indonesia and to formulate strategic recommendations for mitigating these risks using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. METHOD: The research was conducted through interviews and questionnaires distributed to cocoa farmers, collectors, and traders. Data were analyzed using the FMEA method to calculate the Risk Priority Number (RPN) for each potential failure across supply chain sta ges. The results were then processed using the AHP method to determine the most effective mitigation strategies based on weighted prioritization. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The FMEA analysis revealed that the highest risk for farmers was failure to meet cocoa bean quality standards (fermentation, moisture content, and bean size) with an RPN value of 567. For collectors, the main risk was high moisture content in cocoa beans (RPN 315), while for traders, the most critical risk was price fluctuations (RPN 448). Based on the AHP results, the most effective mitigation strategies were: intensive training and direct assistance for farmers (weight 0.664), artifi cial drying methods using mechanical machines for collectors (weight 0.729), and long -term contract strategies with buyers or business partners for traders (weight 0.682). These strategies effectively reduce food loss risks and enhance supply chain efficiency in the cocoa sector of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that the major food loss risks in the cocoa supply chain are associated with quality non -compliance, high moisture levels, and price instability. Implementing intensive training, mechanical drying technology, and long-term contracting are proven to be the most effective strategies to minimize losses and promote a sustainable cocoa supply chain in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Analysis of Factors Driving Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to Prepare Financial Statements: An Empirical Study from Indonesia

Andika Pramukti — 2025-10-06

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a critical role in the Indonesian economy. However, many still face challenges in adopting formal financial governance, particularly in preparing financial statements. This study aims to analyze the factors driving SMEs to prepare financial statements following the Financial Accounting Standards for Entities Without Public Accountability (SAK ETAP). The theoretical framework used is the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), focusing on two independent variables: A ttitude and Subjective Norm. This research employs a quantitative approach with a survey method. Primary data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 110 SME owners/managers in the Cirebon region. Data analysis was performed using simple linear regression. The results prove that both Attitude and Subjective Norm have a positive and significant partial influence on the intention of SMEs to prepare financial statements. The business owner's Attitude was found to be the most dominant driving factor. These findings imply that encouraging the adoption of SAK ETAP requires a dual effort: (1) enhancing SMEs' understanding and positive perception of the benefits of financial statements through training, and (2) strengthening external pressure from financial institutions and government regulations.

HALAL CULTURE IN ARABIC LITERATURE: A STUDY ON VALUES AND IDENTITY REPRESENTATION

Ulfa Kurnia — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: Halal is not merely a legal category in Islamic jurisprudence but also a cultural phenomenon that reflects values, ethics, and the collective identity of Muslim societies. While studies on halal have largely focused on food consumption, certification, and economic aspects, less attention has been given to its cultural representation in literature. Arabic literature, as both a reflection and construction of social reality, provides a valuable medium to understand how halal values are represented and how they shape identity. This study seeks to explore the representation of halal culture in Arabic literary works and to highlight its role in strengthening cultural identity and moral values. METHOD: This research applies a qualitative descriptive approach using literary and cultural studies analysis. Several selected modern Arabic novels that contain themes of morality, purity, and religious adherence are analyzed. The primary method of data analysis is textual analysis with an interpretive framework, supported by intertextual readings to connect literary expressions with cultural and religious contexts. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The findings indicate that halal in Arabic literature is not limited to food or consumption but extends to broader ethical dimensions such as honesty, purity, social justice, and spiritual well-being. The representation of halal culture in the texts reflects both personal and collective identities, showing that halal functions as a cultural marker that binds communities together. The discussion further emphasizes how literature contributes to shaping and transmitting halal values across generations, positioning halal as both a religious and socio-cultural construct. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that Arabic literature serves as a vital medium in representing and transmitting halal culture, values, and identity. Halal is portrayed not only as a legal obligation but also as a moral and cultural framework that sustains social cohesion and spiritual well-being. The findings suggest that further research could expand into comparative studies across different cultural and literary traditions to deepen the global understanding of halal as a cultural phenomenon.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERACTIVE DIGITAL FLASHCARD IN ENHANCING MAHĀRAH AL-ISTIMĀ‘ ARABIC LITERATURE STUDENTS AT UMI

Nurjannah Nurjannah — 2025-10-06

Background: The development of digital technology has significantly transformed foreign language learning strategies, including Arabic. Among the major challenges faced by Arabic Literature students of the Faculty of Literature, Communication and Education of UMI is mahārah al -istimā' (listening skills), which require innovative and contextually relevant learning media. Interactive digital flashcard represents a promising alternative, as they integrate visual, auditory, and interactive elements to enhance s tudents’ comprehension of spoken Arabic. Method: This study used a quasi -experimental design with a pretest -posttest control group design model. Forty students of the Arabic Literature Study Program at Universitas Muslim Indonesia were divided into two groups: an experimental group using interactive digital flashcards and a control group using conventional media. The research instruments included listening comprehension tests, learning motivation questionnaires, and classroom observation. Data were analyzed using t -tests and comparative descriptiv e analysis to measure students' improvement and their responses to the learning media. Results and Discussion: The results showed a statistically significant improvement mahārah al-istimā' in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Students showed improvements in the aspects of understanding the meaning of speech, recognizing sounds, and responding to contextual meanings in Arabic conversations. In addition, interactive digital flashcards have been proven to increase students' motivation to learn and active participation in the learning process. These findings indicate that the integration of technology-based media is able to strengthen the achievement of learning ob jectives and foster more meaningful learning experiences in the digital era. Conclusion: The use of interactive digital flashcards effectively inhances students' mahārah al-istimā' (listening skills). This media not only strengthens linguistic listening skills, but also develops critical thinking skills, creativity, and learning motivation. Therefore, the development of interactive-based digital media needs to continue to be optimized as part of the transformation of Arabic language learning in higher education.

The Core Values of the Bugis Life Philosophy and Their Relevance to Tuhfat Al-Nafis

Muhammad Yunus — 2025-10-06

Background: This study explores the core values of the Bugis life philosophy as reflected in ancient Lontara manuscripts and examines their relevance to Tuhfat Al-Nafis, a historical text written by Raja Ali Haji. The Lontara heritage encapsulates moral, social, and spiritual principles that guide both individual behavior and governance. The research aims to analyze how the philosophical concepts of siri’ (honor), lempu’ (honesty), getteng (integrity), reso (diligence), and pesse (empathy) are manifested in the narratives of Tuhfat Al-Nafis and how these values shape leadership and ethical behavior. Method: Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study employs textual analysis of selected Lontara passages and cross-references them with key sections of Tuhfat Al-Nafis. Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that siri’, expressed in the Lontara saying “Siri’ na pacce iyanaritu to Bugis-e, iya na napakau madecengngi tau” (Siri’ and pacce make a person truly human), serves as the moral foundation of Bugis identity and inspires dignity and resistance, as exemplified by Raja Haji Fisabilillah’s defense of his nation. Lempu’, as captured in “Aja muelliwi lempu’, nasabaé lempu’ riasengnge tau patujue” (Never abandon honesty, for it defines the righteous), emphasizes truth fulness and integrity in leadership and governance. Getteng, expressed in “Tau getteng-é, tena mapettu-pettu sirinna, tena massappa-sappa atinna” (A steadfast person never wavers in honor or courage), symbolizes moral consistency and perseverance. Similarly, the proverb “Reso temmangingi na temmappasussai” (Persistent effort never betrays its result) highlights reso, the Bugis ethic of diligence and hard work, reflecting resilience and determination in the Bugis struggle for sovereignty. Lastly, pesse, articulated in “Pesse-é iyanaritu mapakau tau ri watakkale” (Empathy binds humans through shared suffering), embodies compassion and social solidarity, forming the ethical basis of just and people-centered governance. Conclusion: Overall, these five core values —siri’, lempu’, getteng, reso, and pesse— constitute an integrated moral framework that resonates deeply with the ideals of just leadership and cultural integrity portrayed in Tuhfat Al-Nafis. The study concludes that the philosophical essence of Bugis culture, as illuminated through Tuhfat Al-Nafis, remains a timeless source of ethical wisdom and identity for the Malay-Bugis world. Keywords: Bugis philosophy, Lontara, Tuhfat Al-Nafis, Raja Ali Haji, siri’, lempu’, getteng, reso, pesse, moral values.

POTENTIAL, PROSPECTS AND STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING SOYBEAN COMMODITIES (glycine max L) IN PANGKEP REGENCY

Sitti Rahbiah — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: Soybeans are a key food commodity after rice and corn, with high demand. Their downstream products are diverse and highly valuable, including feed, food, energy, and industrial raw materials. Consumption continues to rise in line with population growth, bu t domestic production has not been matched. Domestic soybean production was around 555,000 tons, while national demand reached 2.7 million tons (2023). This increase in consumption has resulted in increased soybean imports, with an average annual growth rate of 18.4%. Research Objectives:1. To describe the potential of soybeans (land area, production, price, and productivity); 2. To analyze the prospects for soybeans (land area, production, price); 3. To analyze soybean development strategies. METHOD: The research was conducted in Pangkep Regency from Juny to October 2025. The study population was all soybean farmers in Pangkep Regency. The sample size was 100 people due to the nearly homogeneous data. The sampling method used was Simple Random Sampling. Informants in this study were the Head and Staff of the Department of Agriculture and the Head of the Agricultural Extension Center. Data analysis methods are: descriptive, trend analysis and SWOT analysis. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The potential for soybeans in Pangkep Regency is declining. Land area, production, and productivity are declining. Prices fluctuate, initially increasing but declining in the last two years, despite increasing market demand year over year. The prospects for soybeans in Pangkep Regency are promising, with a trend of increasing planted area and production. Challenges such as price fluctuations and productivity require attention to technological efficiency, climate change, and price stabi lity policies to ensure soybeans become a leading commodity.nSoybean development in Pangkep Regency is supported by farmer experience and seed quality, but is hampered by limited technological knowledge. Training and mentoring are needed for this sector to develop optimally and sustainably.Describe results and discussions of the research briefly and clearly related to the variables. CONCLUSION: 1. The potential for soybeans in Pangkep Regency is declining. Land area, production, and productivity are declining. Prices fluctuate. 2. The prospects for soybeans are promising due to increasing demand, coupled with increasing planting area and production. Challenges such as price fluctuations and productivity still require attention. 3. Soybean development in Pangkep Regency is supported by farmer experience and seed quality, but is hampered by limited technological knowledge. Training and mentoring are needed for this sector to develop optimally and sustainably.

SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING PROGRAM (PMT) FOR UNDERNOURISHED TODDLERS AT THE COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER

Rachmat Faisal Syamsu — 2025-10-06

Background: Undernourished toddlers represent a vulnerable population at risk for impaired growth and weakened immunity. The Supplementary Feeding Program (PMT) implemented at community health centers ( Puskesmas) serves as a strategic intervention to improve child nutritional status. This study was conducted at Tabaringan Community Health Center, a training site for medical profession program (MPPD) students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muslim Indonesia (UMI). Methods: This study applied a pretest–posttest one - group design involving 40 undernourished toddlers (aged 6 –59 months) who participated in the PMT program for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were recorded before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the paired t -test to determine changes in nutritional indicators. Results: After the PMT intervention, there was a statistically significant improvement in nutritional indicators: W/A (p < 0.001), H/A (p = 0.046), and W/H (p = 0.021). The proportion of chil dren with normal nutritional status increased notably; W/A: 0% to 57%, H/A: 55% to 70%, and W/H: 25% to 40%. Discussion: These findings indicate that the PMT program effectively improved child nutrition within a relatively short duration. The success was primarily influenced by accurate targeting, compliance of recipients, quality of supplementary food, and supportive careg iving practices at home. Conclusion: The PMT program at the Tabaringan Community Health Center proved effective in improving the nutriti onal status of undernourished toddlers within 8 weeks. Expansion of this program with maternal education, regular monitoring, and the use of locally sourced nutritious ingredients is recommended to ensure sustainability and long-term impact.

In vivo study: effect of black cumin seeds extract (Nigella sativa Linn.) on wound healing

Azafanisa Agilta Velovexia — 2025-10-06

Background: Wound healing is a complex biological process involving inflammatory, proliferative, and remodelling phases. The increasing interest in natural therapies has led to the exploration of black cumin (Nigella sativa) for its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. While previous studies have examined Nigella sativa effects on acute wounds, limited research has assessed its impact on leukocyte levels and its efficacy compared to conventional treatments. Purpose: This study evaluates the effects of Nigella sativa seed extract on incisional wound healing and leukocyte levels in Rattus norvegicus, determining its potential role in accelerating tissue regeneration and modulating inflammation. Methods: A true experimental study with a posttest-only control group design was conducted using 24 male Wistar rats, divided into four groups: negative control (distilled water), positive control (povidone-iodine), and two treatment groups receiving Nigella sativa extract once or twice daily. Wound area reduction was measured on days 7 and 14, and leukocyte levels on day 7. Statistical analysis included Kruskal-Wallis, One-way ANOVA, and post hoc tests (p < 0.05). Results: Nigella sativa -treated groups exhibited significantly faster wound closure than controls. By day 14, complete closure was observed in both treatment groups, while residual wounds remained in controls. Leukocyte levels were significantly higher in the treatment groups than in the negative control (p = 0.001), indicating an enhanced immune response. No significant difference was found between once - and twice -daily treatments (p = 0.166 for wound area, p = 0.996 for leukocytes). Conclusion: Nigella sativa extract accelerates wound healing by promoting wound contraction and modulating immune responses. The findings support its potential as a natural alternative for wound management, with effects comparable to povidone-iodine.

NAZARIYAH AL-FURU' IN MORPHOSYNTAX LEARNING AND ITS IMPACT ON ARABIC LANGUAGE STUDENTS IN MAKASSAR CITY

Nurjannah Nurjannah — 2025-10-06

Background: Morphosyntax learning is a fundamental aspect of Arabic language teaching focusing on word and sentence structures and the relationship between syntactic elements. However, at several universities in Makassar City, morphosyntactic learning methods remain traditional and lack interactivity, causing students to stuggle in understanding and applying theory concepts contextually. One promosing approach to address this issue is t he Nazariyah al-Furū' theory, which provides an integrated linguistic analysis fram ework that connects morphology (sarf) and syntax (nahw). This study aims to describe the application of Nazariyah al-Furū' in morphosyntactic learning, analyze the obstacles faced by students, and assess the effectiveness of the application of the theory-based learning model in universities in Makassar. Methods: This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with observation, in -depth interviews, and documentation methods. The research subjects include lecturers and students from three universities that have Arabic language study programs, namely Alauddin Sta te Islamic University of Makassar, Hasanuddin University, and Indonesian Muslim University. The data was analyzed through the stages of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing using thematic analysis techniques. Results and Discussion: The findings show that implementing Nazariyah al -Furū' in morphosyntactic learning effectively enhances students' linguistic competence. Students show significant improvements in analyzing Arabic texts, understanding the syntactic functions of sentence elements, and systematically linking morphological aspect s with sentence structure This approach also fosters the ability to think critically and analytically about the structure of language, because students not only memorize the rule s, but also understand the rationality behind each grammatical rule. This integration of theory helps bridge the gap between classical linguistic traditions and modern pedagogical approaches that are more communicative and contextual. In addition, the appl ication-based application of technology developed from the theory of Nazariyah al-Furū' is considered to increase student interactivity and learning motivation, in line with the demands of the digital era. Conclusion: The integration of Nazariyah al-Furū' in morphosyntax learning has proven to be effective in strengthening students' mastery of Arabic language structures, increasing metalinguistic awareness, and fostering a critical and applicable scientific attitude. This approach is relevant to be applied in the Arabic language learning curriculum in universities, as it is able to integrate classical linguistic theory with modern learning technology innovations.

EXTRACT OF BLACK CUMIN SEEDS (NIGELLA SATIVA L.) AGAINST BACILLUS SUBTILIS

Armanto Makmun — 2025-10-06

Background: Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) contains active compounds with potential antibacterial properties. Bacillus subtilis was used as the test bacterium. Objective: To determine the antibacterial effect of ethanol extract of black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa L.) against Bacillus subtilis. Methods: The extract was prepared by ethanol maceration. The antibacterial test was conducted using the disk diffusion method with extract concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, with tetracycline as the positive control and 10% DMSO as the negative control. The inhibition zones were measured in millimeters. Results: All extract concentrations produced inhibition zones, with the largest zone observed at the highest concentration, although smaller than that of tetracycline. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa L.) has potential antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, although its effectiveness is not yet optimal at concentrations below 40%.

DOWNSTREAMING AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS TO SUPPORT HALAL PRODUCTS

Sitti Rahbiah — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND: The global halal industry is experiencing rapid growth, with the market projected to reach USD 10 trillion by 2030 and an annual growth rate of 5.5%. However, Indonesia faces significant challenges in downstream processing and commercialization of halal research, with only 10-15% successfully converted into marketable products. METHOD: This article uses a Literature Review method to analyze various studies relevant to the research topic. Based on the review, the results highlight key trend and findings in the field. RESULTS & DISCUSSION : This paper discusses downstream processing and commercialization of research in the halal industry. Downstream processing involves transforming research into market -ready products, such as the development of halal raw materials and production processes. Commercialization refers to the process of bringing products to market and generating profits, with companies that succeed in commercialization seeing an average profit increase of 22%. Key challenges in downstream processing and commercialization include a lack of research facilities, funding, and delays in halal certification. However, companies such as Kalbe Farma have shown success in downstream processing and expanding halal products to international markets. This study concludes that effective collaboration between aca demia, industry, and government is crucial to advancing halal product development. CONCLUSION: The overall halal market has shown steady and significant growth over the years, and the halal food sector is increasingly dominant, contributing a larger share of the total halal market. Therefore, the global halal market shows strong growth potential, particularly in the halal food sector, which is expected to continue expanding as awareness of the importance of halal in various aspects of life increases. Down streaming and commercializi ng research findings are crucial for developing halal products tha t can compete in the global market. Successful down streaming and commercialization processes require collaboration between industry, academia, and the government. Indonesia's halal sector holds significant potential, but requires more support to maximize existing research output.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS LEARNING MODULE USING STATISTICAL SOFTWARE AS A MEDIUM FOR HALAL EDUCATION

Abdul Wahab — 2025-10-06

This study aims to develop an Educational Statistics learning module based on statistical software integrated with halal education values. The use of statistical software (SPSS and Minitab) is expected to improve students’ skills in data analysis while simultaneously fostering ethical and religious awareness in the learning process. The research method employed is Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The findings indicate that the developed module meets the criteria of being valid, practical, and effective. The module not only helps students understand the concepts and applications of educational statistics but also provides insight into the importance of halal values in academic activities, such as honesty, integrity, and avoidance of data manipulation practices. Thus, this module can serve as an instructional innovation that supports the strengthening of statistical literacy while reinforcing the internalization of halal education values in the academic environment.

DOES PROFITABILITY MODERATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIOLOGICAL ASSET INTENSITY AND DISCLOSURE? EVIDENCE FROM PSAK 69 IMPLEMENTATION

Asriani Junaid — 2025-10-06

BACKGROUND : Agricultural companies exhibit unique characteristics due to their management of biological assets, such as crops, livestock, and agricultural produce, which undergo biological transformation and fair value changes over time. Biological assets represent a key element in the operational activities of agricultural entities. The disclosure of biological assets is a critical component of financial reporting in the agricultural sector, especially following the adoption of PSAK 69 : Agriculture. This standard aims to enhance the transparency and accountability of biological asset reporting through the applicat ion of fair value measurement. However, disclosure practices of biological assets remain inconsistent across entities. Despite several years of implementation, the disclosure of biological assets in Indonesia continues to face challenges whether technical, operational, or due to limited understanding by preparers METHOD : This study employs a quantitative research approach, utilizing Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression analysis on secondary data derived from the financial statements of agricultural companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The sample consists of 17 companies observed over a three -year period. Data were collected through documentation methods, specifically from secondary sources available at the IDX Corner of the Faculty of Economics and Business, UMI, and from the official IDX database. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The statistical results indicate that biological asset intensity has a positive but statistically insignificant effect on the level of disclosure. Furthermore, profitability was found to moderate the relationship between biological asset intensity and disclosure, in a way that weakens the influence. In addition, profitability itself has a positive and statistically significant impact on disclosure levels. CONCLUSION : This study reveals the complex dynamics behind the disclosure of biological assets. A higher intensity of biological assets does not necessarily lead to increased disclosure. Moreover, profitability, rather than enhancing transparency, appears to act as a deterrent to more extensive disclosure. Conceptually, greater profitability should provide companies with the financial capacity to disclose more comprehensive information regarding their biological assets, particularly when such assets are ma terial. The moderating effect of profitability supports the argument that financial performance can shape disclosure incentives. However, the mere possession of significant biological assets does not automatically drive higher transparency. These findings suggest that disclosure decisions are more strategically motivated, for instance, to protect competitive advantage related to profitability rather than being purely a response to the size or value of biological asset holdings. Future research is encouraged to expand the scope of moderating variables and incorporate data from other sectors for broader generalization