BOOK OF ABSTRACT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HALAL, POLICY, CULTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES

BAZNAS EFFORTS IN IMPROVING ECONOMY OF THE ISLAMIC COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE (DAKWAH PERSPEKTIVE)

Muhammad Ishaq Samad — 2024-11-01

BACKGROUND

Zakat distribution have a positive and significant effect on economic growth, investment and consumption (Suprayitno 2019; Alam et al. 2023). Zakat institutions in most countries still need to have structured arrangements and flow mechanisms developed from the zakat money that has been collected (Islamy and Hannase 2021). Malaysia is a country that regulates zakat and has advantages in zakat collection (Wira 2019). According Siswantoro et al (2022) found that Malaysian Muslims only focus on income zakat and not on maal zakat. Meanwhile zakat in Indonesia not only functions as a redistribution of wealth, but also as a means of reducing social and economic disparities in society. According to Yusuf Qardhawi (2000), the Islamic economic system is built on two elements, freedom from the usury system and actualization of the potential of zakat. However, BAZNAS South Sulawesi has been active in helping Islamic communities improving their economy through various distributions and economic empowerment programs in South Sulawesi, such as Zmart, ZChicken, ZBox, and so on.

Therefore, the authors want to examine through dakwah perspective the efforts of the South Sulawesi National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) in improving Islamic economy.

METHODE

The type of research used a qualitative method. The research sample consisted of representatives from Baznas leaders from Makassar City, Maros Regency, Barru Regency and Bulukumba Regency consist of 20 people, 20 people from Muzakki and 30 mustahik.The data used primary data and secondary data with data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation techniques. Data analysis uses data presentation and conclusions.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The research results showed in dakwah perspective the efforts of BAZNAS South Sulawesi Province through the establishment of UPZ (Zakat Collection Units) both in Government Agencies and the private sector. Apart from that, through retail mechanisms, digital fundraising such as through social media, such as Instagram, Facebook, which really helps improve the economy on Islamic communities. Especially in the current digital era, people often use social media to search for information. Apart from that, Baznas also involves CSR or Corporate Social Responsibility, including Baznas conducting zakat training activities or seminars to the community which really helps provide information to the people about the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) programs. Furthermore the fundraising efforts carried out by the National Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) of South Sulawesi Province are using direct and indirect methods, the direct model is carried out by conducting outreach to the people. Meanwhile, indirect efforts involve sharing flayers via social media. Zakat Infaq Sadaqah funds collected during 2023 in South Sulawesi amount to 680 billion. Meanwhile, in 2024 BAZNAS throughout South Sulawesi has set an Annual Budget Work Plan with a target of collecting IDR 863 billion.

CONCLUTIONS

In Dakwah perspective the efforts of BAZNAS South Sulawesi Province through the establishment of UPZ (Zakat Collection Units) both in Government Agencies and the private sector. Dakwah bil hal of Baznas involves CSR or corporate social responsibility, including Baznas conducting zakat training activities or seminars to the community which really helps provide information to the people about the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) programs. Fundraising efforts carried out by the National Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) of South Sulawesi Province are using direct and indirect methods, the direct model is carried out by conducting outreach to the people. Meanwhile, indirect efforts involve sharing flayers via social media.

THE ROLE OF HALAL FORENSIC IN DETERMINING MATERIAL HALAL STATUS

Nurmadihah binti Takhor — 2024-11-21

BACKGROUND :

The awareness of the halal status for material or ingredients especially in food consumption has been rose among the public and not just in Muslim society. The public started to concern about the halalness of their food and consumables not just because of the halal status itself only, but with the halal status, they can ensure and guarantee the safety, cleanliness and reliability of food and consumables to be consumed. However, due to many scandals and fraud that happen to attack the halalness of particular raw material, food products and consumables, this had created a bad reputation and credibility of the halal status and halal bodies in Malaysia. Thus, Halal Forensic would be significant to enhance and strengthen the trustworthiness and reliability towards halal status and halal bodies in Malaysia. Hence, this study aims to identify what is Halal Forensic, what and how does their role in determining the halal status of material and how does Halal Forensic would help to minimise scandals and fraud.

METHOD : The type of research used is qualitative research. This study uses content analysis methods by referring to published papers and authoritative sources related to the study.

RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The expected findings are the role of Halal Forensic would be crucial to identify and detect the sources from najs material or from the illegal animals and halal critical ingredients or material used in particular food products and consumables. By providing the scientific evidence and syariah justification at the early stage, this would be very helpful to detect and beware of the fraud and scandals to happen.

CONCLUSION : Implementation and enhancement the role of Halal Forensic would be beneficial to protect the Halal Ecosystem. The laboratory results comply with syariah justification also can be used for conviction since the halal laboratory has been accredited. Yet, more research needs to be conducted to discuss further on development of halal forensic in various aspects.

PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER AWARENESS LEVELS REGARDING HALAL CHICKEN PURCHASES IN SELANGOR

Muhammad Afif Zakwan bin Azhar — 2024-11-21

BACKGROUND :

The halal chicken market is now gaining widespread acceptance not only among Muslim consumers, but also among non-Muslim consumers. This attraction is due to factors such as hygiene, food safety, and maintained quality. However, studies on the awareness of Muslim consumers towards the purchase of halal food, especially chicken, still receive less attention. Therefore, this study aims to assess the level of awareness of Muslim consumers towards the purchase of halal chicken in Selangor, a state that is the focus of the halal sector in Malaysia.

METHOD : This study uses data from a pilot study collected through a questionnaire. A total of 31 respondents were involved, and the analysis was carried out using SPSS software version 20. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: (A) demographics of the respondents, (B) the level of consumer awareness of halal chicken, (C) factors that influence the purchase of halal chicken. The questionnaire was conducted in the state of Selangor with a random selection of respondents from nine districts in Selangor, using stratified random sampling that is suitable for the population of the state of Selangor which is 4,503,860 people.

RESULTS & DISCUSSION:

The level of reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's Alpha. Six factors have been identified as determining the level of consumer awareness towards the purchase of halal chicken. Based on a pilot study, all factors show reliability values that exceed the minimum value (α >0.7), with a score of α >0.9. This analysis shows that Muslim consumers in Selangor have a good level of awareness in choosing halal chicken, with the main consideration involving aspects of hygiene and halal certification.

CONCLUSION : The results of this pilot study show that the factors tested pass the required level of reliability. This study has the potential to be continued in the future to gain a deeper understanding of Muslim consumers' awareness of purchasing halal chicken in Selangor. A wider study is needed to support Selangor's efforts in developing a globally competitive halal industry.

A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF HALAL RESEARCH TRENDS IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS

Siti Qhairunissa Ramli — 2024-11-14

BACKGROUND:

The demand for halal products and services, including food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and Islamic finance, is growing worldwide. This has driven many countries to adapt their industries to meet halal standards. In line with this, there has been a significant increase in research on halal across various countries, covering legal, production, marketing, and consumer acceptance aspects of the halal concept. All of this research needs to be utilized for the development of the halal industry. Accordingly, this study analyze research on halal by focusing on studies conducted in Southeast Asian Nations, namely MABIMS (which consists of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore) with the aim of understanding trends, collaboration patterns, and key focus areas in this research.

METHOD: A bibliometric study is a quantitative method used to analyze and measure the patterns and impact of scientific research. Data was obtained from the Scopus database over a period of 23 years, from 2001 to August 2024, using the keyword "halal". A total of N=1739 articles were retrieved through searches spanning more than two decades, and these were analyzed using VOSviewer software to visualize the collaboration network and research trends.

RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results of the study indicate a significant increase in the number of publications related to halal, with Malaysia followed by Indonesia being the main contributors to scientific research output. The keyword analysis of "halal" highlights halal food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and the supply chain as the primary themes. The collaboration network has been establish between Southeats Asian authors on halal research during the observed period.

CONCLUSION: This study provides an overview of the dominant developments in halal research and highlights current directions for research and innovation related to halal in the region.

ANALYSIS OF MUSLIM CONSUMER BEHAVIOR TOWARDS HALAL PRODUCTS: A MOTIVATION THEORY PERSPECTIVE

Andi Bunyamin — 2024-11-14

This study aims to explore the influence of religious motivation, social influence, and awareness of sustainability on the purchasing decisions of halal products among Muslim consumers. The issue raised is how these three factors interact and affect consumer behavior. A qualitative research method was employed through in-depth interviews with 30 respondents who are halal product consumers in Makassar. The results indicate that religious motivation is the primary driver, followed by social influence and sustainability awareness, reflecting a paradigm shift in consumer behavior. As many as 80% of respondents cited religious motivation as the main factor, while 60% indicated that sustainability also influences their decisions. The conclusion drawn from this research is that to enhance the appeal of halal products, producers should consider sustainability aspects and social influences, while continuing to reinforce religious values in product marketing. These findings have significant implications for developing more effective halal product marketing strategies in a market increasingly aware of sustainability issues.

ROLE OF HALAL TRAINING PROVIDERS IN SHAPING HALAL EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA

Nor Afzan binti Azizan — 2024-11-14

BACKGROUND:

Halal training providers play an important role in developing halal education in Malaysia, a nation known as a global leader in the halal sector. These providers support this development by offering comprehensive courses, professional certifications, and initiatives in research and development, which help build knowledge and skills. They also promote adherence to local and international halal standards, ensuring uniform practices across different industries. Furthermore, they support micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) and entrepreneurs by offering specialized training and programs that help new halal businesses grow. By strengthening Malaysia’s position as a global leader in the halal market, encouraging innovation, and increasing public awareness, these providers help sustain the country's reputation in the industry. They also contribute to shaping policies and regulations that create a strong and evolving halal ecosystem. Through these diverse efforts, halal training providers help address new challenges and trends, fostering sustainable growth and ensuring Malaysia remains competitive in the global halal market.

METHOD: This paper utilizes a semi-systematic approach to review the roles of Halal Training Providers in shaping halal education in Malaysia. The study draws on articles from the Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) databases, focusing on terms such as “halal industry”, “halal training”, “halal training providers” and “halal education”. A manual review of literature published between 2013 and 2024 was conducted to examine the contributions of these providers in areas like education, industry development, and collaboration. The selected studies include journal articles, conference proceedings, and case studies in both Malay and English.

RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The finding shows that halal training providers are integral to the continuous development of Malaysia's halal industry. They contribute to building expertise, driving innovation, supporting SMEs, enhancing public awareness, shaping policies, and maintaining compliance with halal standards. There are gaps in the literature that require further exploration, such as the effectiveness of different types of training and long-term impacts on halal industry players.

CONCLUSION: This study provides a new perspective on the role of halal training providers in shaping halal education in Malaysia. Future research could explore the effectiveness of different types of training and the long-term impacts on halal industry players to preserve Malaysia's standing as a global leader in the halal sector.

COLOR CHANGE DIFFERENCES DUE TO SOAKING IN 0.2% CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE MOUTHWASH ON NANOFILLED AND HYBRID COMPOSITE RESIN

Madrigayani Anugrah Salfi Putri — 2024-11-14

BACKGROUND:

Hybrid composite resin material is currently widely used because its surface smoothness is better than that of small particle composite resin, with aesthetics comparable to microfilled composites for anterior restorations. With the development of materials over the years, nanofiller composite resin has become a commonly used filling material due to its advantages: it is more aesthetic, smoother, easy to polish, and has better strength compared to other types of composite resins. However, it may experience color change over time. This color change is caused by prolonged use of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash.

Objective: To determine the color change due to immersion in 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash on nanofiller and hybrid composite resins.

Method: This study is a quasi-experimental study. Color change measurement was performed using a camera and analyzed with Adobe Photoshop® software, and sample evaluation was measured using the CIE Lab system with L*, a*, b* values.

Results: Based on the Independent Samples T-Test, a p-value < 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05) was obtained, indicating a significant difference in color change due to immersion in 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash between nanofiller and hybrid composite resins.

Conclusion: Hybrid composite resin has a higher color change value than nanofiller composite resin after immersion in 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash.

HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY AND FEEDING PRACTICES FOR CHILDREN BELOW 5 YEARS IN MAROS REGENCY, INDONESIA

Sumiaty Sumiaty — 2024-11-01

BACKGROUND : Food provision practices for children below 5 years determine the growth of children. If the practice of providing food for children under five years is good, their growth will be optimal, and vice versa if it is not good, their growth will be less than optimal. Food provision practices are influenced by household food security. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between household food security and food provision practices for children below 5 years in Maros Regency. METHOD : The type of research used was quantitative with an analytical observational approach with a cross-sectional research design. The population was all children below 5 years, and the sample was 90 people with an accidental sampling technique. Data collection through interviews using questionnaires for dependent-independent variables. Data processing using the SPSS program. Univariate analysis to determine the frequency distribution; bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results of the study showed that food security was 80 (88.9%), food insecurity without hunger was 3 people (3.3%), food insecurity with moderate hunger was 6 people (6.7%), and food insecurity with hunger was 1 person (1.1%), good Feeding practices were 59 people (65.6%), and poor were 31 people (34.4%). The relationship between food security and feeding based on p-value = 0.03, strengthens that good food security provides access to nutritious food. The availability of sufficient and diverse food allows families to provide varied foods to children, which is important for their growth and development. CONCLUSION : There is a relationship between food security and feeding practices in children below 5 years.

WORKLOAD AND JOB DEMANDS CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASED WORK STRESS AT PT. X IN MAKASSAR CITY

Ikhram Hardi — 2024-11-01

BACKGROUND: Work-related stress occurs when the demands of a job exceed the resources and abilities of an individual worker. Currently, work stress is a global issue affecting all professions and workers in both developed and developing countries. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 450 million people worldwide suffer from mental and behavioral disorders, and work stress is predicted to become a major threat to human health in the future. Initial surveys and interviews with employees at PT. X revealed that the workload assigned to workers is excessively high within a very limited time frame, causing them to feel stressed. Symptoms experienced include difficulty concentrating at work, lack of enthusiasm, frequent fatigue, and trouble sleeping. Therefore, this study aims to further explain how workload and job demands affect work stress at PT. X in Makassar City. METHOD: This research is a quantitative study using an analytical survey method with a cross-sectional study design. The research sample consisted of 112 workers at the Customer Service Implementation Unit (UP3) of PT. X in Makassar City, determined using the exhaustive sampling method. Data analysis was conducted using logistic regression at a 95% confidence level (α=0.05) with the SPSS for Windows program. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The research findings indicate that workload and job demands have a significant impact on the occurrence of work-related stress among employees at the Customer Service Implementation Unit (UP3) of PT. X in Makassar City (p-value ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION: This research concludes that the higher the workload and job demands placed on workers, the greater the level of work-related stress they will experience. Therefore, it is recommended that the workload and job demands assigned to workers be adjusted to match their capabilities, and that relaxation exercises be conducted once a week to help increase cortisol levels, which can reduce the stress experienced by workers.

EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATION TO INCREASE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT WORMS WITH ROLE-PLAY METHODS FOR PREVENTING STUNTING IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN PADANGLAMPE, INDONESIA

Arman Arman — 2024-11-03

BACKGROUND : Worm infection is the entry of parasites in the form of worms into the human body. This infection causes a decrease in the nutritional status, body resistance, intelligence, and productivity of children. The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of knowledge about worms with the role-play method in preventing stunting in elementary school students in Padanglampe. METHOD : Type of quasi-experimental research using a comparison group (control). The experimental group was given education on role-play models (playing snakes and ladders), and the control group was given education with brochure media. The population was students of SDN No. 13 Padanglampe Village, and the sample in this study was 30 students in Grade 4 of Elementary School. The sampling technique was purposeful sampling. Data collection used a questionnaire. Pre and post-tests were carried out. Data analysis used a paired t-test. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results of the study showed that the average increase in student knowledge using the role-play method (snakes and ladders) was 7.73 points, while the average increase in student knowledge using the brochure method was 3.53 points. Changes in knowledge about worms with the role-play method (snakes and ladders) and brochures in preventing stunting in students with a sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 <0.05. The Snakes and Ladders media proved to be more effective in increasing the knowledge scores of elementary school students about preventing worms; this can occur due to the nature of elementary school children in the intellectual period or the school harmony period. CONCLUSION : Stiudents' knowledge about worms before and after being given intervention using role-play media (snakes and ladders) is more effective than the brochure media.

SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND MATERNAL SELF- DETERMINATION AS DETERMINANTS OF STUNTING CARE BEHAVIOR IN TODDLERS IN GOWA REGENCY

Muh Khidri Alwi — 2024-11-03

BACKGROUND. : Stunting remains a significant public health issue globally, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia.This study aims to analyze the influence of maternal socioeconomic characteristics and self- determination on the care behaviors of stunted toddlers in Manuju Health Center, Gowa Regency. METHODE : The cross-sectional design approach was conducted in Gowa Regency in 2023. the sample size was determined as 102 people. Data were collected using a combination of interviews, observations, and questionnaires. RESULT & DISCUSSION : The findings indicated that intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation significantly influenced care behaviors, while age, parity, economic status did not show significant influence. CONCLUSION : This study suggests that interventions should focus on enhancing maternal motivation and knowledge to improve stunting care practices.

THE RISK OF GROWTH DISORDERS IN BABIES AGED 7-12 MONTHS IN THE BARABARAYA HEALTH CENTER WORKING AREA

Nur Ulmy Mahmud — 2024-11-03

BACKGROUND: Increased body weight is an indicator of a baby's health that can be used as a benchmark for a baby's growth. A child's growth is greatly influenced by various factors. Nutrition is one of the basic needs of every creature to survive, to develop and to live a productive life. A baby needs adequate nutrition, so that it can ensure optimal growth. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk of growth disorders in babies aged 7-12 months in the Bababaraya Health Center working area. METHOD: The type of research used is analytical observational research with a case control study design. The population in this research were mothers who had babies aged 7-12 months who were in the working area of the Barabaraya health center with a total sample of 30 cases and 30 cases with varying genders of the babies. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. Data collection techniques by measuring maternal characteristics (age, education, occupation, education level and family income), LBW, breastfeeding patterns, parenting patterns and food intake through interview techniques using questionnaires (Parenting Style Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ to measure parenting patterns) and (1x24 hour food recall to measure food intake) RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results showed that ANC risk analysis (OR=12.429 at 95% CI = 1.461 – 105.737); Permissive parenting patterns (OR=1.313 at 95% CI=0.472–3.653), food intake (protein OR=1.306 at 95% CI (0.010 – 0.238) and carbohydrates OR=1.529 at 95% CI (0.536 – 4.361) can increases the occurrence of growth disorders in babies and this shows that there is no significant relationship. The results of the analysis for parity (OR=0.868; 95% CI= 0.306–2.461), parenting patterns (democratically OR=0.571 at 95% CI=0.201– 1.624; authoritarian with OR=0.550 at 95% CI=0.2157–1.931), breastfeeding pattern (OR=0.669; 95% CI=0.242–1.852), food intake (energy = OR=0.048; 95% CI=0.010–0.238 ), fat OR=0.400; 95% CI=0.118–1.360) this illustrates that parity, breastfeeding patterns, parenting patterns (democratic and authoritarian), food intake (energy and fat) are protective factors against impaired baby growth and This does not have a meaningful relationship. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study is that ANC, permissive parenting patterns, intake of food sources of protein and carbohydrates are risk factors for growth disorders in babies.

ANALYSIS OF STRENGTHENING THE HALAL ECONOMIC ECOSYSTEM AS THE MAIN PILLAR IN IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF SMES IN THE HALAL SECTOR

Justita Dura — 2024-11-03

BACKGROUND : This research focuses on the analysis of the sharia economic ecosystem with an emphasis on strengthening halal small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. Halal certification is an important element in the halal industry that not only ensures compliance with Islamic teachings, but also serves as an instrument that strengthens the competitiveness of SMEs in the global market (Rahman, 2021). In Indonesia, the protection of halal products has gained a strong place in regulation, especially with the enactment of Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Assurance (Hakim & Abdullah, 2022). However, from the perspective of SMEs, factors such as an understanding of the business value chain and halal-related subjective standards often influence their decision to adopt halal certification (Amin & Riza, 2020). Therefore, a more in-depth analysis is needed to understand these dynamics and support the development of a stronger halal ecosystem. METHOD : The population of this study is Halal Sector SMEs with a sample of 120 halal sector SMEs in Malang, Indonesia. This study uses a mixed method approach, with empirical analysis that combines Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to predict the behaviour of Muslim SME owners related to halal certification. In addition, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) process is used to develop strategies aimed at strengthening the halal ecosystem, taking into account various factors that affect certification decisions. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results show that the ability of SMEs to analyze the value chain in their business processes, as well as the application of subjective standards related to Islamic teachings on halal, is a significant factor in driving the halal certification process. Nonetheless, the study identifies the potential for an increased need to extend halal certification in the future. Additionally, the findings highlight the importance of a deeper understanding of the factors that influence SMEs' decision to adopt halal certification, which can ultimately increase the value of their business. CONCLUSION : This research offers new insights in understanding the problem of halal certification in Indonesia and provides solutions that can improve the sharia economic ecosystem. The results of this study have significant implications for government policies, including the need to increase literacy and education about halal certification for SMEs, as well as the development of flexible and responsive policies to the needs of SMEs, especially in terms of halal certification. Thus, this research contributes to the development of a stronger and more sustainable halal ecosystem in Indonesia.

ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY AS SOCIOUS AND ECONOMIC IN THE INCIDENT OF UNDERNUTRITION IN CHILDREN AGED 1-12 YEARS IN SELAYAR ISLANDS DISTRICT

Nurbaeti Nurbaeti — 2024-11-03

Data for 2020, cases of malnutrition in Selayar Islands Regency greatly increased to 674 people. Some of the factors that cause malnutrition are because children are born with Low Birth Weight (LBW), comorbidities from birth, and parents' behavior or parenting patterns that are unhealthy and do not pay attention to their child's nutrition. Economic aspects (family income) significantly determine the family's ability to meet nutritional needs. The nutritional adequacy of children is related to the achievement of children's growth and development considering that the growth spurts of children, both girls and boys, must be supported with sufficient funds. So the role of the family is important in overcoming malnutrition, especially for women (mothers). This research aims to analyze the causes of malnutrition, especially in Selayar Islands Regency with a sample of 95 respondents in Buki and Bontomatene Districts. Malnutrition will result in children experiencing abnormal growth causing stunting. The variables studied are the social and economic role of the family. This research is an observational study with a cross sectional study approach. This research involved the child's parents, by measuring the child's height and weight anthropometrically. Sampling used a simple random sampling method in the population. Data collection was carried out through interviews using a questionnaire, data was analyzed statistically using the SPSS program. The research results found that the socio- economic role of the family was not significantly related to the nutritional status of children where the p value = 0.115; There is no significant relationship between family responsibility factors and children's nutritional status where the p value = 0.799; There is no significant relationship between parenting factors and children's nutritional status. P value = 0.827; there is a significant relationship between employment (economic) factors and children's nutritional status where the p value = 0.000; There is a significant relationship between family menu factors and children's nutritional status where the p value = 0.011. It is recommended that the results of our research become input for local governments/health services in formulating policies to prevent an increase in cases of malnutrition by increasing community family income and cultivating shame if children experience malnutrition.

DETERMINE THE MODERATING ROLE OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT ON THE INTENTION TO ADOPT HALAL: EVIDENCE FROM SMES IN INDONESIA

Raisa Fitri — 2024-11-03

BACKGROUND : The increasing consumer demand for halal products motivates SMEs to prioritize and adopt halal practices. Increasing awareness of SMEs regarding the importance of halal certification to improve the competitiveness of their products in domestic and global markets (Giyanti et al., 2021). Consumers tend to prefer products with halal certification as a halal guarantee (Muslichah et al., 2020). However, the challenges SMEs face in adopting halal practices still need to improve due to several obstacles related to regulations, costs, limited resources, and technology (Ab Talib et al., 2015; Maryati et al., 2016). The number of SMEs in Malang City has reached around 8,000, and only 0.6 percent of SMEs currently have halal certificates. Therefore, government support is significant in encouraging halal practices among SMEs in Malang City. This study aims to determine the moderating role of government support on the intention to adopt halal, which is influenced by the following factors: religiosity, consumer demand, and expected revenue in SMEs in Malang City. METHOD: This study uses a quantitative method with hypothesis testing. Data distribution using an online questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1-5. Data collection was carried out by researchers directly and in stages with the assistance of surveyors from the cooperative office in filling out the questionnaire; the number of data that met the criteria was 194 SME respondents in Malang City. To determine the influence of the moderating role of government support on the intention in adopting halal practices, the analysis technique used in this study is the Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) analysis. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: This study found that government support does not moderate the intention in adopting halal practices, which is influenced by the following factors: religiosity, consumer demand, and expected revenue. The findings of the direct influence that religiosity, consumer demand, and government support affect the demand for adoption of halal practices, while expected revenue does not affect the interest in adopting halal practices. CONCLUSION: Religiosity, government support, and consumer demand influence the interest in adopting halal practices. However, in reality, government support has yet to strengthen the intention of SMEs in Malang City to adopt halal practices. The government needs to make clear policies and make it easier for business actors so the number of officially halal-certified SMEs increases significantly. The government needs to review the halal certification policy again; most SMEs in Malang City are still reluctant to carry out halal certification because they consider the cost of halal certification as a burden, as evidenced by the findings of this study where expected revenue does not affect the interest in adopting halal. This study aims to promote the enrollment of SMEs not registered for halal certification to obtain halal certification by increasing consumer awareness of halal products.

FROM PRACTICES TO PERFORMANCE: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF QUALITY CULTURE IN MAKASSAR'S HALAL SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

Muthia Khaerinah S — 2024-11-03

The objective of this research is to explore and analyze the impact of quality management practices and quality culture on operational performance, as well as to understand how quality management practices influence operational performance through quality culture in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Makassar City. This research is urgent due to the increasing competition and demand for higher standards in the Halal industry, which necessitates a deeper understanding of these factors to enhance business performance. The data analysis methods employed include descriptive statistical analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Descriptive statistical calculations were performed using AMOS 25.0 and SPSS version 22.0. The findings of the study indicate a positive correlation between quality management practices, quality culture, and operational performance in Halal SMEs in Makassar City. However, no significant relationship was found between quality management practices and operational performance. The research also illustrates how quality culture impacts the operational performance of Halal industry practitioners in Makassar City. This study offers unique and significant benefits for managers, particularly in the Halal business sector in Makassar City. By providing new insights into the understanding of quality management practices, quality culture, and operational performance, the study highlights the crucial mediating role of quality culture in shaping operational performance. Therefore, quality culture can be considered a key factor influencing the quality of operational performance.

ZAKAT FOR OWNERSHIP BASED ON COMMUNITY IMPOWERMENT: AN INNOVATIVE SOLUTION FOR THE UTILIZATION OF PRODUCTIVE ZAKAT

Syarifa Raehana — 2024-11-03

Muhammad bin Shalih Utsaimin and Husein Shahatah state that zakat funds, after being paid to the collectors, must be promptly distributed to the beneficiaries as the rightful owners of the zakat. Zakat institutions should not distribute funds in the form of loans to beneficiaries because there is no definitive evidence addressing this issue. Utsaimin firmly prohibits the use of the al qardh al hasan contract. (2019). The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Descriptive qualitative research aims to analyze and interpret data obtained from various relevant sources. The Hanafite scholars believe that ownership is a capacity established by Islamic law as the starting point for the exercise of authority. According to Ibn Shathi from the Maliki school of thought, ownership is the authority of a person to obtain benefits and provide benefits. The main points regarding the ownership of zakat for mustahik include; Al-qabdhu, which is part of the concept of ownership in zakat as a primary requirement for fulfilling several contracts such as gifts and donations, which will not be valid without ownership. Another principle is Tasarruf (transfer), which refers to the absolute transfer of ownership of the possessed wealth. In relation to zakat, the transfer of rights over a certain amount of wealth from the muzakki through the zakat management institution to the mustahik must be complete and permanent, whole and absolute, in accordance with ownership rights according to the sharia concept, rather than a temporary loan. The concept of permanently handing over zakat to the mustahik is referred to as Li Tamlik. This study offers an alternative concept by using the Tamlik contract through a qardhul hasan approach, where the funds provided to the beneficiaries utilize the Tamlik contract, but the beneficiaries are still bound by the "obligation" to return the funds. However, the repayment will become a mandatory savings for the beneficiaries who return it to the group. What is needed here is the strengthening of groups and the reinforcement of facilitators as instruments in community empowerment.

VALUES OF TAX ETHICS AND TAX MORALS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF LEMPU' NA GETTENG CULTURE IN ACHIEVING TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE OF MSMES IN MAKASSAR CITY

Nurul Rafiqa Auliyah Abna — 2024-11-03

This research discusses tax morality and the cultural values of Lempu' Na Getteng in the context of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Makassar City. Tax morality reflects the attitudes and principles of individuals or organizations regarding the obligation to pay taxes, which is crucial for supporting the national economy. MSMEs in Makassar have significant potential in absorbing labor and contributing to the gross domestic product (GDP), but they also face various challenges that need to be addressed with the support of the government and related parties. The research was conducted online using digital communication platforms to interact with informants from MSMEs in Makassar, despite the researcher being abroad. Through in-depth interviews, this study aims to explore how the values of Lempu' (honesty) and Getteng (consistency) can influence taxpayers' behavior in reporting and paying taxes. The findings indicate that individuals who internalize these values tend to be more responsible and consistent in fulfilling their tax obligations, which in turn positively contributes to community development.

THE INFLUENCE OF HALAL LIFESTYLE ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN PANGKAJENE COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER

Sartika Sartika — 2024-11-03

Pregnancy is a natural process that causes physical and psychological changes in women, potentially affecting quality of life. Poor quality of life during pregnancy can increase the risk of preterm labor and fetal growth restriction. However, few studies have monitored quality of life during pregnancy. Nowadays, the halal lifestyle is gaining popularity as it enhances quality of life by ensuring that products are safe, healthy, and aligned with Islamic principles. This study aims to analyze the influence of a halal lifestyle on the quality of life of pregnant women at Pangkajene Community Health Center. This research uses quantitative methods with a cross-sectional study design. The population consists of all pregnant women who underwent pregnancy checks in 2023, with a sample of 87 people selected by accidental sampling using the Lameshow formula. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The research results show that halal consumption patterns and use of halal cosmetics significantly affect the quality of life of pregnant women, with p- values of 0.004 and 0.046, respectively. In contrast, the use of halal medicine/multivitamins and halal clothing does not significantly affect the quality of life, with p-values of 0.503 and 0.628. Health workers, especially midwives, are advised to address not only the physical health of pregnant women but also their mental well-being. Education on adopting halal lifestyles, such as consumption patterns, cosmetic use, and stress management, should be enhanced to support the overall quality of life of pregnant women.

DIFFERENCES IN HALITOSIS SCORES BEFORE & AFTER GARGLING MORINGA LEAF SOLUTION (MORINGA OLEIFERA)

Ilmianti Ilmianti — 2024-11-03

BACKGROUND : Halitosis or bad breath is a common term used for unpleasant odors caused by systemic and oral conditions due to the decay of food residues, which leads to the formation of gram-negative bacteria that produce halitosis. Several ways to overcome halitosis include conventional methods and alternative methods. The conventional method is to address halitosis by rinsing with substances containing antiseptics. Recently, the use of herbal ingredients as an alternative in treating diseases has gained attention. This is due to the relatively safer nature of herbal materials compared to chemical substances. One way to prevent and eliminate halitosis is by using traditional methods. One of them is the use of moringa leaves, which contain phytochemicals. METHOD : The samples are 165 who were students of SMP YP-PGRI Disamakan Makassar. This type of research is a quasi- experimental study, and the research design used is a one-group pre-test – post-test design. In this study, halitosis was measured using a Breath Checker device, which provides a halitosis index score with an interpretation ranging from 0 to 5, starting from no odor to very strong halitosis." RESULTS & DISCUSSION: Based on the T-test results, a p-value of 0.00 was obtained, which was smaller than 0.05 (p-value < 0.05). This indicates that there was a significant change in the halitosis index score before and after gargling with Moringa leaf solution. Moringa leaves are a plant whose nutritional content and uses have been extensively studied. Moringa leaves are very rich in nutrients so they can be used as an alternative mouthwash to overcome halitosis. CONCLUSION : The results of this study show that the halitosis scores before rinsing with moringa leaf boiled water among the students of SMP YP PGRI Disamakan Makassar were mostly very strong and also that the difference in halitosis scores before and after rinsing with moringa leaf solution water among the students was proven to be significant.

ANALYSIS OF METS COMPONENTS AMONG EMPLOYEES WITH CENTRAL OBESITY

Nurhaedar Jafar — 2024-11-03

The incidence of Mets(Mets) is on the rise in society, largely due to the increase in several of its components, one of which is central obesity. Workers are a group particularly vulnerable to this condition. This study analyzes the components of Mets among employees with central obesity at Hasanuddin University. The research employed an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at the rectorate building of Hasanuddin University from August to September 2022. The study population included all 460 employees at the rectorate building, with a sample size of 102 individuals with central obesity. Samples were selected through purposive sampling, with inclusion criteria requiring participants to be willing to take part in the study, fast for at least 8 hours, provide blood samples, participate in interviews, and have a BMI ≥25 kg/m² and/or a waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women. The collected data were processed and analyzed using SPSS software. The results indicated that the average waist circumference among respondents was 92.82 cm, systolic blood pressure was 133.83 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure was 76.71 mmHg, triglycerides were 193.14 mg/dL, and fasting blood glucose was 100.11 mg/dL. Additionally, 53.9% of respondents were found to have hypertension, 90.2% had triglyceride disorders, 29.4% had glucose disorders, and 61.8% had Mets. Among employees with obesity, triglyceride levels were the most commonly disrupted component of Mets. There is a need to create a healthier work environment at Hasanuddin University to prevent the occurrence of Mets among its employees.

THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF AMBON BANANA PEEL EXTRACT (MUSA PARADISIACA VAR. SAPIENTUM (L) KUNT.) ON THE GROWTH OF PREVOTELLA INTERMEDIA

Yusrini Selviani — 2024-11-03

The problem of dental and oral disease in Indonesia currently needs attention and efforts to overcome dental health problems because almost everyone experiences problems with their dental and oral health, including cavities and bad breath, known as halitosis, caused by Prevotella intermedia bacteria. Banana plants contain active secondary metabolites which function as antimicrobial compounds. One part of the banana that contains antimicrobial compounds is found in the banana peel, which contains phytochemical components, namely tannins and quinones, which have antibacterial activity. METHOD : This research used a true experimental method with testing carried out in the laboratory with a post-test-only control group design. The statistical tests used were the Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc comparison tests. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The Kruskal Wallis test results obtained a P-value of 0.000, which is smaller than 0.05. This shows that in the positive control group treatment, concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 8% were given, and there was a significant difference in the inhibitory effect of Prevotella intermedia .CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that Ambon banana peel extract (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L) Kunt.) with a concentration of 8% was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Prevotella intermedia compared to concentrations of 2% 4%.

BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS ON LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (MOODLE PLATFORM)

Ramdan Satra — 2024-11-03

BACKGROUND : The Muslim University of Indonesia (UMI) implements online learning using Moodle as a tool for managing classes, commonly referred to as LMS. The Moodle LMS applied at UMI is also known as Kalam. However, in the implementation of distance learning at UMI, several issues have arisen, such as the server being inaccessible and long loading times when accessing content on Kalam, among others. Based on these issues, it is necessary to conduct research to analyze the bandwidth requirements for online learning at the Muslim University of Indonesia. METHOD : The bandwidth analysis will involve measuring throughput, delay, and packet loss in network traffic. Additionally, this research will also analyze the performance of the server kalam.umi.ac.id when accessed by more than 100 users simultaneously. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: Observations of app traffic and DB traffic from September 1 to 30, 2021, showed that the bandwidth requirements for the Kalam application were very high. This is indicated by the number of users reaching 1,000 accessing Kalam at the same time. CONCLUSION : The results also showed that the data communication path between users and the Kalam server is divided into two lines, but line 2 is more heavily burdened and dominates. An abstract contains a summary of the entire research, briefly explaining the introduction, objectives, results, and conclusions.

IN SILICO SCREENING OF CHEMICAL COMPOUND ACTIVITY AS AN Α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR FROM SWEET FLAG RHIZOME (ACORUS CALAMUS L.)

Ahmad Najib — 2024-11-04

The research on screening in silico of the chemical of Acorus calamus L. as the inhibitor α-glucosidase has been conducted. The aim of this research to obtain an active chemical compound towards Acorus calamus L. which is potentially to be inhibitor of α-glucosidase using the screening method in silico The docking process was employed using 28 chemical compounds in the Acorus calamus L. as the ligand to the inhibitor α-glucosidase becoming the target receptor using PyRx and ArgusLab programs. The chemical compound model of Acorus calamus L was obtained from Take Out “Jamu" KnapSack. Whereas the enzyme model of α-glucosidase obtained from Protein Data Bank (PDB) with the enzyme code ILWJ. Each compound which has been docked using enzyme α-glucosidase taken from the free energy changing ΔG as the docking result and visualization of the docking result was conducted using PyMol program. The evaluation result of AG indicated that 28 chemical compounds of Acarus calamus have potential as the inhibitor of α-glucosidase where Delta-Cardinene as the lowest change had the most potential compound. The approximate free energy change (ΔG) was -8.50 kcaI/mol in the PyRx and -9.53 kcal/mol in the ArgusLab program.

THE INFLUENCE OF QUALITY OF WORK LIFE ON DOCTOR'S PERFORMANCE AT PUBLIC REGIONAL HOSPITAL PANGKEP REGENCY

A. Rizki Amelia AP — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND: Quality or Work Life is an employee's perception of their mental and physical well-being at work that contributes to the employee's job performance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between quality of work life and its components to doctor's work performance in Public Regional Hospital Batara Siang Pangkep Regency. The study was conducted at Public Regional Hospital Batara Siang Pangkep Regency. METHOD : The type of research used is quantitative research with an observational analytical approach with a cross-sectional design. This study used a total sampling of 52 doctors and dentists. The analysis of the study used the Chi Square test. RESULT: The results of the study using bivariate analysis showed that the variables that had a significant relationship with performance were quality of work life (p=0,014), employee participation (p = 0.006), equitable compensation (p = 0.006), job security (p = 0.007), pride (p = 0.016), career development (p = 0.013), and wellness (p = 0.007). Meanwhile, safe environment (p = 0.086), conflict resolution (p = 0.123), and communication (p = 0.233) have no significant relationship with doctor performance. Out of all the components of quality of work life, employee participation has the most influential effect on physician performance (B = 0,236, p = 0.044). CONCLUSION Quality of Work Life has a significant relationship with doctor performance at Public Regional Hospital Batara Siang Pangkep Regency. Improving the components of quality of work life, especially employee participation, equitable compensation, job security, pride, career development, and wellness can be an effective strategy to improve physician performance and the quality of health services in hospitals.

PSYCHOSOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF OPEN DEFECATION BEHAVIOR OF SOCIETY

Muhammad Ikhtiar — 2026-09-04

BACKGROUND : Open defecation behavior can cause various health problems but is still carried out by adults and children, especially in people who live around rivers, swamps, and coasts. Open defecation behavior has occurred since ancient times so that it has become a hereditary habit and affects people's habits. Residents who are open to defecation because they do not have latrines and hitchhikers, even though they have been given assistance in procuring latrines, many are abandoned and even damaged and not used for economic reasons. The purpose of the study is to analyze the psychosocial determinants of open defecation behavior in the community in the working area of the Mangarabombang Health Center, Takalar. METHOD : The type of research is a quantitative method using a cross sectional study research design, with a sample of 154 households. Data processing techniques through the stages of editing, coding, data entry, cleaning and data presentation. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The data analysis technique was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using Chi- square test analysis at the limit of the significance of the statistical calculation of p value (0.05). The results showed that the variables of habits (p value = 0.000), knowledge (p value = 0.000), education (p value = 0.000), age (p value = 0.715) and gender (p value = 0.131), social support (p value = 0.000), income (p value = 0.000). CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study is that there are 2 variables that are not related and 5 variables that are related to BABS behavior

EDUCATION ABOUT MAKING MORINGA LEAF PUDDING TO PREVENT STUNTING IN TODDLERS IN PUCAK VILLAGE, TOMPOBULU DISTRICT, MAROS REGENCY

Yusriani Yusriani — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : Stunting is a disruption in the growth and development of children due to chronic malnutrition and recurrent infections, which is characterized by the child's length or height being below standard. Stunting is a significant health problem in Indonesia, especially in rural areas. The prevalence of stunting under five in Indonesia will reach 21.6% in 2022, decreasing from 24.4% in 2021. There are 38 toddlers experiencing stunting in Pucak Village, Tompobulu District, Maros Regency. This is caused by inappropriate food choices which have an influence on inadequate nutritional intake. One solution that can be implemented to overcome the problem of stunting is to increase the intake of foods that are rich in nutrients. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) are known as an excellent source of nutrition. To overcome this, innovation in serving Moringa leaves is important. Moringa leaf pudding can be an interesting and fun alternative, especially for toddlers. METHOD : This activity used communication media in conducting health education, which are two important elements in the process of conveying information between individuals or groups. Communication methods refer to the methods or techniques used to convey messages. The communication media used in this research are posters and videos. The research used a one-group pretest-posttest design, where participants were given a pre-test to measure their knowledge before being given the intervention (education and demonstration of making Moringa leaf pudding), and a post-test to see the increase in knowledge, attitudes and skills after the intervention. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results show that education about making Moringa leaf pudding influences mothers' knowledge, attitudes and behavior in preventing stunting, as well as its implications for toddlers' health. Overall, the activities underscores the effectiveness of targeted nutritional education in enhancing cadres' capacity to prevent stunting through practical dietary interventions, ultimately contributing to the improved health and development of children. CONCLUSION : The findings of this activities are that the potential of cadres who have been given health education has increased in terms of knowledge, attitudes and skills of cadres in making Moringa leaf pudding to prevent stunting.

SCREENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF METABOLIC BIOMARKERS OF DIABETES MELLITUS THROUGH DETERMINANT FACTORS IN THE HEALTH CENTER MAKASSAR CITY

Samsualam Samsualam — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND: Metabolic biomarkers refer to biological indicators that can measure or evaluate metabolic processes in the body. These biomarkers can provide information about the health and function of organs and can be used to monitor metabolic changes due to certain diseases or conditions. Blood Glucose is the primary glucose blood used as a source of energy biomarkers by body cells. It can be used to measure the risk of diabetes mellitus and monitor diabetes management. This study aims to determine the screening and analyze the effect of determinant factors on improving metabolic biomarkers in the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in the Health Center Makassar City. METHOD: The research method used is quantitative research with a Cross-Sectional Study approach. The research sample was 102 people, samples were taken using the Simple Random Sampling method. Data were obtained using questionnaires and random blood sugar level measurements. Data analysis was carried out univariately and bivariate using the chi-square test and multivariate. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results of this study indicate that controlling blood pressure (p 0.000), cholesterol levels (p 0.000), doing physical activity (p 0.006), and regulating diet (p = 0.002) can improve metabolic biomarkers in patients with diabetes mellitus. Metabolic biomarkers in diabetes mellitus are blood sugar or hyperglycemia, which occurs when too much glucose is in the blood. The cause of high blood glucose is when the body has too little insulin hormone or if the body cannot use insulin properly (insulin resistance). Other hormones can also contribute to the development of hyperglycemia. Excess cortisol (stress hormone) or growth hormone, for example, can cause high blood glucose. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that health workers at community health centers increase counseling on controlling blood glucose, maintaining diet and physical activity, conducting screening for early detection of diabetes mellitus, and implementing chronic disease management programs.

THE IMPACT OF HALAL FOOD-BASED SECURITY FOOD ON THE MICRONUTRIENT ADEQUACY IN CHILDREN WITH NEURODELOPMENTAL DISORDERS IN MAKASSAR CITY

Nasruddin Syam — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : Children with neurodevelopmental disorders have impaired immunity, making them the group most at risk of exposure to Covid-19. Increasing immunity can be done with the availability of halal food and halal food consumption patterns. Halal food containing micronutrients Ca, Cu, vit. B and vit. D will protect children with neurodevelopmental disorders from exposure to diseases, including Covid-19. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the availability and consumption patterns of halal food and micronutrients in children with neurodevelopmental disorders METHOD : The design of this study is a cross-sectional study. The population and sample of this study were 40 children with neurodevelopmental disorders who were taken based on purposive sampling in 2 SLB Makassar City. The data collection technique was by interview using a questionnaire regarding food availability and halal food consumption patterns, while the NutriSurvey Indonesia application was used to measure micronutrient content. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results show that there is a relationship between the availability of halal food and micronutrients Ca, Cu, Folic Acid and vit. D. This can be caused because the parents of respondents, especially mothers, are people who generally work as many as 34 (85%) people so that parental attention to the fulfillment of food availability has not been carried out optimally. Likewise, the pattern of halal food consumption shows a relationship with micronutrients. This can be caused by the level of education of parents of autistic children at the health institution, 28 (80.0%) are college graduates. So that parents of autistic children have good knowledge about the importance of compiling a varied consumption pattern with halal food sources for their children. CONCLUSION: Halal food-based food security has an impact on micronutrient adequacy in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

CROSS-SECTORAL COMMUNICATION IN PREVENTING ILLEGAL FISHING TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY AND HALAL FISHERY PRACTICES IN THE SPERMONDE ARCHIPELAGO (CASE STUDY ON LUMULUMU ISLAND, MAKASSAR)

Ahdan S — 2024-11-04

This study aims to examine in depth the urgency of cross-sectoral communication in preventing Illegal Fishing in the Waters of the Spermonde Islands. Case Study on Fishermen on Lumulumu Island, Makassar. Illegal fishing is a method of catching fish in ways that violate the laws and regulations in force in the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and the international world. Illegal fishing methods have been proven to have an impact on damage to marine biota, such as damage to coral reefs and unnatural and uncontrolled fish deaths which will ultimately harm the fishermen themselves and the survival of humanity that depends on marine resources. Illegal fishing has disturbed various parties, so it requires serious handling by all related parties. This research method uses a qualitative case study approach on fishermen on Lumulumu Island, Spermonde Islands, Makassar. Data collection techniques are carried out through participant observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. Furthermore, data analysis is carried out interactively, starting from data collection, data reduction, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that fishermen on Lumulumu Island, Makassar, had known the technique of catching fish by bombing fish since 1943, which they called Uba. "Uba", namely explosives (dynamite) used to blow up mountains, bridges or buildings. The use of dynamite to bomb fish was taught by the Japanese army to fishermen in order to meet the fish needs of the Japanese army. The fishermen on Lumulumu Island, Spermode Islands, fishing activities using fish bombs are carried out every day to meet their daily needs. This is because the fishermen on the island only use 2 (two) types of fishing gear, namely fish bombs and fishing rods.

CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF N AND P NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY WITH NPK FERTILIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF PURPLE SWEET POTATO

St. Subaedah — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : Sweet potatoes have great potential as an alternative food ingredient, even as a staple food in some areas because of their high carbohydrate content. Various types of sweet potatoes can be cultivated, such as sweet potatoes with white, yellow, and purple tubers. Sweet potatoes with purple tuber flesh contain many anthocyanins that act as antioxidants that bind free radical groups as cancer prevention and anti-aging drugs. Considering its high nutritional content, efforts are needed to develop purple sweet potatoes which can be achieved through extensification and intensification. Extensification efforts are faced with using marginal lands characterized by low soil fertility. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve soil fertility by fertilization. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship (correlation) between the availability of N and P nutrients with NPK fertilization on the growth and production of purple sweet potato plants. METHOD : The study was conducted in the form of a field trial in Takalar Regency which lasted for approximately 5 months. The experiment was designed with a randomized block design consisting of four NPK fertilization treatments, namely 0 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha, and 300 kg/ha. Each treatment was repeated four times to obtain 16 experimental units. The variables observed in this study were the levels of total N, available P, plant length, number of tubers per plant, tuber weight per plant and tuber per ha. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results of the study showed that NPK fertilization had a significant effect on increasing the availability of N and P nutrients. The increase in nutrient availability was followed by an increase in plant growth and the weight of purple sweet potato tubers. CONCLUSION : The results of the study showed that NPK fertilization had a significant effect on the availability of N and P nutrients, and also had a significant effect on the growth and production of purple sweet potato plants.

ANALYSIS OF VALUE CHAIN AND MARKETING PERFORMANCE OF TEMPE BUSINESSES IN MAKASSAR CITY (Case Study of the Tempe Business Production Center in Karang Anyar Village)

Sitti Rahbiah — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : A value chain is a high-level model used to describe the process by which businesses receive raw materials, add value to the raw materials through various processes to create a finished product, and then sell that end product to customers. Value chain refers to all activities, from receipt of raw materials to post-sales support, that together create and increase the value of a product. METHOD : This research aims to: (1)Describe the production process of tempe processing. (2)Describe the value chain mechanism. (3)Analyze marketing costs, market share, efficiency marketing and price transmission elasticity. (4)Analyze the marketing performance (sales volume, customer growth and profitability) of tempe products The research was carried out at the tempe business center in Karang Anyar Village, Makassar City in June-September 2024. RESULTS & DISCUSSION : The results of this research show that (1)The process of making tempeh is: Soybean seeds are cleaned and then boiled until cooked; then soaked (for fermentation) for 12-24 hours; Soybeans are ground using a dynamo mill (to peel the skin of soybeans); wash the soybeans clean, then break each seed into two parts, then drain; Soybean seeds are poured with boiling water and left for 2 hours; Cool on a large cloth so that the cooling process is even; Mixed with yeast; Printing and leaving for 2 days; Tempeh is ready to be sold. (2)The product flow that occurs in this channel is that the Tempe Factory Business carries out production activities, then the tempeh is sold directly to collecting traders in Makassar City. Retailer 1's buying price is Rp.12,000 and Rp.20,000. (3) Market Share obtained by retailers 1, 2 and 3, namely 83.33%, 85% and (for medium size, namely 75% and large size, namely 86.95%.) Marketing efficiency obtained by Retailer 1, namely 26, 2% and 17.5%, Retailer 2 namely 25.5% and 43.2% and Retailer 3 channel 1 namely 39% and 22.3% and channel 2 namely 11.3% and 10.6%. The price transmission elasticities obtained by Retailers 1, 2 and 3 are 2.20, 0.88 and 0.92. (4)The average marketing performance shows that Sales Volume has increased by 15.8%, Customer Growth has an average of 15.8% and Profitability has an average increase of 3.03%.

THE POTENTIAL OF WATER HYACINTH PLANTS (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES) AND APU APU (PISTIA STRATIOTES L.) IN PHYTOREMEDIATION OF NICKEL HEAVY METAL POLLUTED WATER

Netty Syam — 2024-11-04

Water pollution by heavy metals is a significant environmental issue affecting water quality and the health of aquatic ecosystems. Heavy metals such as nickel often contaminate water sources through industrial waste, mining, and other human activities. Nickel in high concentrations can cause various health problems in humans and damage aquatic ecosystems. Some aquatic plants show promising potential in phytoremediation, especially in overcoming heavy metal pollution. This study aimed to identify the remediation ability of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Apu Apu (Pistia stratiotes L.) and their accumulation in nickel-polluted water. The plants were grown in a hydroponic solution with 0.13 ppm (below the quality standard), 0.55 ppm, 0.75 ppm, and 0.95 ppm of nickel. The Experiment used a randomized block design with 3 replications. The results of the study showed that both plants planted showed symptoms of toxicity. Water contaminated with 0.95 ppm nickel decreased to 0.69 ppm after being planted with water hyacinth within 15 days. Likewise, water contaminated with 0.95 ppm nickel experienced a decrease to 0.69 ppm after being planted with Pistia stratiotes for 15 days. The results of the water hyacinth tissue analysis showed nickel accumulation Ni as much as 451.93 ppm, while Pistia stratiotes can accumulate Ni up to 921.30 ppm. Thus, it is known that both plants are effective accumulator plants used as phytoremediators because they are quite tolerant of high concentrations of Ni.

SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF JASMINE FLOWER ESSENTIAL OIL AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS

Syamsuddin Yani — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : The jasmine plant is a plant that is easy to grow in tropical areas and its flowers have quite high economic value. Apart from being an ornamental flower, jasmine is also a raw material for various industries, especially the essential oils contained in the flowers. Jasmine flower essential oil can be obtained by solvent extraction process. The aim of this research is to study the effect of extraction time on the yield of jasmine flower essential oil and its characteristics. METHOD : Jasmine flowers that have been reduced to a uniform size of 50 grams are soaked using n-hexane solvent with a ratio of the weight of jasmine flowers (grams) and the volume of n-hexane solvent (ml) of 1:4 in a three-neck flask. The three neck flask was heated for 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours. The filtrate was then taken to be evaporated using a vacuum rotary evaporator at a temperature of 40˚C for 35 minutes. The products than was analyzed for its yield, color testing, refractive index analysis, density and solubility in ethanol. The composition of jasmine essential oil was carried out using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The research results showed that the best time for the jasmine essential oil extraction process was 4 hours with a yield of 11.87%. The essential oil obtained is yellow in color. The essential oil dissolves in ethanol with a clear yellow color. The oil has a refractive index of 1.3370 and a density of 0.8546 kg/L. The results of analysis using GC-MS can identify the constituent substances of jasmine oil, namely oleic acid 29.12%, linalool 2.02%, Glycidyl Palmitate 19.36%, Vitamin C 4.15%, and Stearic acid 3.15%. CONCLUSION : N-hexane can be used as a solvent in the extraction of jasmine flower essential oil

EXPIRATION TIME OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) FROM HALAL BIOADSORBENT FILTERING RESULTS BASED ON TURBIDITY QUALITY PARAMETERS

Andi Aladin — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND: Indonesia is the largest coconut plantation country in Asia. One of the coconut diversification products is Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). The main content of VCO is lauric acid which is easily metabolized in the body, so VCO is a promising raw materials in food and pharmaceutical industries. To meet the current trends of halal products, it is important to ensure the halalness of the VCO. In the purification stage of producing halal VCO in this research, a halal bioadsorbent was chosen to be used. This research aims to study the expiry date of VCO which was stored in transparent closed plastic bottles at a storage temperature of 28 oC. METHOD: The crude VCO was filtered using a halal bioadsorbent which was produced from coconut stem sawdust using the pyrolysis method. The VCO pruduct then was stored in transparent plastic bottles at room temperature (28 oC). VCO turbidity measurements were carried out every week for 42 days using a turbidimeter. The rate of increase in turbidity is assumed to follow zero order so that it follows a linear equation. Assuming the expiration date of the VCO is based on a maximum turbidity value parameter of 5 NTU, the expiration period is predicted using this linear equation using the trial and error method. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: It was found that the changes in turbidity as a function of storage time can be approximated quite well with a linear equation, namely Tb = 0.0025t + 1.1078 with a correlation coefficient of R² = 0.9813. Using a trail and error method of linear equation, the VCO expiration period is 1557 days (4.3 years). A turbidity change in VCO could be visually detected and this could be a symptom of chemical changes. The chemical changes might be related to oxidation, hydrolysis, changes in peroxide numbers, changes in acid numbers, and others. CONCLUSION: The expiration date of VCO filtered from halal bioadsorbents stored in transparent plastic bottles at room temperature (28 oC) is 4.3 years which was marked by a turbidity value exceeding 5 NTU.

THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL MARKETING TECHNOLOGY ON PATIENT EXPERIENCE AT STELLA MARIS HOSPITAL IN MAKASSAR

Nurfardiansyah Burhanuddin — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : As of October 2020, 4.14 billion out of 7.81 billion people worldwide were active social media users1. In the second quarter of the same year, the Indonesian Internet Service Providers Association reported that 196.7 million people, or 73.7% of Indonesia's population, were active Internet users2. Consumer behavior has changed, requiring companies to adapt their business models in the digital era 3, 4. Hospitals in the digital era must utilize information technology and engage with consumers 5, 6. A study by Radu in 2018 highlighted the necessity of using digital technology marketing to promote medical care services and develop businesses5. Organizational capabilities and service systems will evolve with technological advancements, and customer experiences will also change 10, 11. ositive customer experiences increase the likelihood of satisfaction and repeat purchases. Customer experience is shaped by immersion, flow, cognitive, and affective fit8, 12. METHOD : This research is quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire. The population in this study comprised all patients using outpatient health services with general payment methods at Stella Maris Hospital in Makassar, totaling 925. The sample was selected using a probability sampling technique, specifically simple random sampling, resulting in 93 patients. Data were analyzed using statistical tests, including the chi-square test and partial test (T-test) (p < 0.05). RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The research showed that Digital Marketing Technology significantly influences patient experience (p-value = 0.000). The patient stated that the digital marketing technology at Stella Maris Hospital consistently updates its health service promotions, which has enhanced the patient's experience. This aligns with Canfell's 2024 study, which found that the impact of digital technology marketing is significant, leading to increased engagement in social media and marketing. Hospitals are striving to improve care using digital technology. Still, the effectiveness of this technology is often measured only by cost and quality indicators, with little known about the experiences of doctors and patients. As a result, it remains to be seen whether patients' perceptions of their experiences are fully understood. CONCLUSION : This study concludes that Digital Marketing Technology influences patient experience at Stella Maris Hospital in Makassar. Stella Maris Hospital should maintain the quality of its Digital Marketing Technology by continuously updating its health service promotions to keep patients interested in accessing the hospital's website or social media.

THE INFLUENCE OF EDUCATION THROUGH TIKTOK MEDIA AND LEAFLETS ON THE ACTIONS OF TEENAGE GIRLS IN CONSUMING BLOOD INCREASING TABLETS

Fairus Prihatin Idris — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : According to WHO, the incidence of anemia in teenage girls in developing countries is around 53.7%. In South Sulawesi, 33.7% of young women suffer from anemia. The Indonesian government has carried out prevention and control of anemia, including by administering blood supplement tablets. However, only 1.4% of teenagers in Indonesia consume blood supplements more than 52 tablets and 98.6% consume less than 52 tablets. At Madrasah Aliyah 2 Makassar, 100% of teenagers received blood supplement, but only 34.7% consumed the blood supplement that were given. This condition can contribute to the incidence of adolescent anemia. The success of health education cannot be separated from the use of media. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the difference in the influence of education through TikTok and leaflets on the actions of young women in consuming blood supplement tablets. METHOD : This research method is Quasy Experiment. Respondents were all 275 young women in class XI Madrasah Aliyah 2 Makassar with a sample of 162 young women obtained using the Slovin formula. Data was obtained through interviews using a pre-test questionnaire which was distributed before education was provided. Meanwhile, the post test was given after the seventh day of education. The data was then analyzed using the Wilcoxon test to see changes in the actions of young women before and after education through each media, as well as the Mann Whitney test to see differences in influence between TikTok and leaflet media. The analysis results are presented in table form with explanations. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The research showed that there was a change in actions before (mean 3.87) and after (mean 5.65) education using TikTok among young women regarding the consumption of blood supplement tablets with a p value of 0.000. Changes in actions were also found before (mean 3.93) and after (mean 5.24) education using leaflets for young women regarding the consumption of blood supplement tablets. Furthermore, based on the Mann Whitney test, it was found that there was a significant difference between the actions of teenagers who were given tiktok and those who were given leaflet with a p value of 0.017. The average number of teenagers taking blood supplements was higher for teenagers who were given tiktok (90.02) compared to teenagers who were given leaflets (72.98). This shows that media that is designed in an attractive and interactive manner has succeeded in attracting the attention of young women more effectively to consume blood supplement tablets. CONCLUSION : The advice given is to motivate sustainable action, a reward or appreciation system can be implemented for teenagers who consistently consume blood supplement tablets. The school is also expected to encourage actions such as interactive sessions with health workers or creating a blood supplement tablet consumption schedule that is integrated with students' daily activities.

FROM PRE-SLAUGHTER STUNNING TO NON-STUNNING: THE IMPACT OF HALAL SLAUGHTERING TO THE ANIMAL WELFARE AND THE QUALITY OF MEAT FOR HUMAN HEALTH

Nailun Najla — 2024-11-04

The demand for Halal meat has significantly increased globally among both Muslims in recent years. Simultaneously, non-Muslims have become more aware of the high quality and safety standards associated with Halal products, leading to greater accessibility for them. However, misconceptions persist, particularly among non-Muslims who often view Halal slaughter as inhumane due to the belief that animals are killed without prior stunning. In fact, several methods are now used for slaughtering animals, including the use of electrical or gas stunning prior to the process. Additionally, the industry has increasingly focused on the animal's position during slaughter, whether lateral or upright, to minimize stress, discomfort, and pain. This review paper aims to explore the various methods of Halal slaughter used in the industry, with a particular focus on the analytical techniques that ensure the animal welfare is prioritized before and during slaughter. This also aims to explore how the Halal slaughtering guarantees that the meat is high quality, safe, and not harmful to human health. The review involved searching relevant literature from online sources, screening topics for inclusion, and analyzing data from recent publications related to Halal slaughtering. This study finds that both pre-slaughter stunning and non-stunning Halal methods result in rapid and precise neck severance, hastening death and minimizing the animal's suffering. Furthermore, it confirms that Halal meat, characterized as low blood content which is safe for consumption and free from food-borne pathogens and harmful substances.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ETHNIC-BASED JOB CRAFTING MODEL ON NURSE PERFORMANCE AT PALAGIMATA GENERAL HOSPITAL, BAUBAU CITY

Arni Rizqiani Rusydi — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND: The quality of nursing care in hospitals is influenced by nurses performance. The performance of nurse is crucial to achieving the hospital's objectives because nurses are at the forefront in providing patient care. The increasing demands on healthcare professionals, especially nurses, to provide optimal nursing care encourage nurses to develop their skills to maximize performance for taking care of patients. An imbalance and lack of readiness among nurses to handle job demands and their capabilities (job resources) to adapt to changes in the work environment can lead to burnout and difficulty in achieving work-life balance, therefore it requires a skill like job crafting to reorganize work in the most appropriate way. Job crafting (JC) relates to workers' behaviors, particularly their intention to find meaning and value in their work, and it also has a positive effect on both individuals and organizations. Behavior and ethnicity, on the other hand, are aspects supporting the community’s social life, including the interactions between nurses and patients in hospitals. Based on the diverse ethnicities in Indonesia, this study investigated the implementation of ethnicity-based job crafting, such as the Buton Ethnicity. The concept of ethnicity-based job crafting has the potential to become a reference model for the implementation of job crafting among nurses in hospitals. METHOD: This study employed a mixed-method approach. The first stage involved conducting in-depth interviews, followed by the second stage, including measurements using questionnaires administered to 220 nurses. The data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) within the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) framework, employing AMOS software. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The in-depth interviews regarding the ethnic indicators developed for job crafting among nurses at RSUD Palagimata Baubau indicated the following points: (1) Nurses were aware of the customs or traditions believed and practiced by patients, (2) They could adapt to the patients’ cultural environment, (3) They adapted to patients who believe that skin diseases in children are caused by the absence of traditional ceremonies, and (4) They were able to convince patients that illnesses are not due to the absence of traditional ceremonies. Moreover, the quantitative analysis showed job crafting among nurses at RSUD Palagimata Kota Baubau indicated, based on testing results, that job demand directly influenced job crafting with a structural coefficient of 0.386. Ethnicity directly influenced job resources with a structural coefficient of 0.802. Ethnicity also directly affected job demand with a structural coefficient of 0.613. Job resources directly affected on job crafting with a structural coefficient of 0.623, and job crafting had a direct effect on nursing care performance with a structural coefficient of 0.000. Based on the CFA analysis, it can be inferred that ethnicity had an indirect influence on job crafting in shaping nurse performance at RSUD Palagimata Baubau. CONCLUSION: The ethnic-based job crafting model is built on job demands and job resources, with ethnic aspects that have no direct influence to the improvement of nurse performance at RSUD Palagimata. It is recommended for future researchers to study job crafting on different subjects within the hospital environment using different strategies.

THE EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATION OF DRAGON FRUIT SKIN EXTRACT (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS), CARDAMOM (AMOMUM COMPACTUM), AND LAWANG FLOWER (ILLICIUM VERUM) ON THE NUMBER OF LEUKOCYTES IN MALE MICE (MUS MUSCULUS)

Andi Alamanda Irwan — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : The human body is vulnerable to exposure to foreign antigens which are protected by physical barriers. If the physical barrier is not capable, cellular immunity will be activated in the form of leukocytes. Many Indonesian people tend to consume herbs. Of the various herbal ingredients consumed, most are believed to affect the immune system. Several studies report that dragon fruit peel, cardamom, and star anise extracts are believed to have benefits for the immune system, in the form of the ability to regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines and the proliferation of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes). Compounds that have this ability are lupeol, borneol, camphor, caryophyllene, and trans-anethol, each of which is contained in the extract in sequence. However, the effect of this extract on increasing the number of leukocytes has not been studied much. METHOD : This research was carried out on 25 male mice (Mus musculus) which were divided into 5 groups. Herbal extracts are obtained through a maceration process. The dose of extract administered follows previous research literature. The extract is administered orally once a day for 7 days. The leukocyte count was calculated on the 8th day using a counting chamber. The number of leukocytes is counted using a counting chamber. All data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 28.0.1.0. using the paired T-test and one-way ANOVA, the p-value <0.05 is considered significant. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: Administration of 7 mg/20grBB star anise (Illicium verum) flower extract increased the number of leukocytes in male mice by 105%, an increase of more than 50% higher than the positive control. The increase in the number of leukocytes in mice given 2mg/20grBB extract of dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and 0.68 mg/20grBB cardamom (Amomum compactum) was lower (17.58% and 37.45%) CONCLUSION : The effect of administering 2mg/20grBB of dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus), 0.68 mg/20grBB of cardamom (Amomum compactum), 7 mg/20grBB of star anise (Illicium verum) on male mice (Mus musculus) for 7 days gives almost the same as the positive control.

CULTURAL COMMUNICATION PRESERVATION OF TRADITIONAL SYMBOLS OF MANDAR SOCIETY AS HALAL FOOD IN POLMAN REGENCY

Hadawiah Hadawiah — 2024-11-04

Communication of the culture of preserving traditional snacks of the Mandar community as halal snacks in Tinambung sub-district, Polewali Mandar regency (Polman). This research is based on the current modern era where the generation usually pays less attention to things that are considered important by society to be considered as part of the accompaniment in living the next life so as to get a happy life in the world and the hereafter. So it is important to preserve it for the young generation of the Mandar tribe in Polewali Mandar as an effort to find out the meaning contained in traditional snacks in the Mandar tribe tradition. This study aims to find out the meaning contained in various snacks presented by the Mandar community at every traditional event as a symbol of its own culture. This type of research is qualitative descriptive. In this study, it was analyzed with the theory of Reality Construction (Peter L, Barger and Thomas Luckmann) that how a reality is viewed as a result of construction. Humans as creators of objective social reality through externalization, objectification and internalization. The results of the study indicate that the communication of the culture of preserving the symbol of traditional Mandar food as halal food is very important through traditions in Mandar culture from generation to generation presented through the traditional events of makkuliwa (new vehicle thanksgiving), mappakede boyang (tradition of entering the house/building a new house) ande kaweng (wedding food), the Prophet's birthday, sayyang pattudu (riding a horse when children finish the Quran), mappande sasiq (sea alms ritual), mappadai toyang (riding a swing during the aqiqah), the food found at each event is almost the same, this food also has different symbols and meanings in each tradition, generally such as oil kaddo, lappa-lappa, a symbol of smoothness, white sokkol and black sokkol as symbols of men and women, tallo manu as a symbol of the birth of the next generation, three types of bananas (loka tira, loka manurung, loka balambang as symbols smoothness and strength in seeking good fortune, sweet food (ule-ule) cucur cake, golla kambu gives the meaning of sweetness so that it is easy to bring good fortune, slaughtering goats in Islam to serve as a symbol of strength. In this research it was also found that at these traditional events the halal snacks were also accompanied by expressions of prayers, barzanji, sholawat and dhikr performed by imams or ustadz in the area as a form of gratitude to Allah SWT.

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: THE TRADITIONAL COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVE OF THE KAJANG INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY

Zelfia Zelfia — 2024-11-04

The indigenous Kajang community in Tana Toa is known for its simple lifestyle, guided by the kamase-masea principle, and its strong commitment to environmental conservation. They reject modern technology and maintain a way of life that is in harmony with the environment. This study explores how the Kajang community living in the customary area of Tana Toa Village uses their traditional communication practices to preserve environmental sustainability values. The research employs a qualitative approach using the ethnography of communication method to obtain specific insights. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with traditional leaders, community leaders, and members of the Kajang community. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman Model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The study found that oral narratives, traditional rituals, and rules passed down through generations play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance in Kajang. The Kajang people preserve traditions in their interactions with nature and each other, believing that their customs contain symbols that govern life. They integrate their customs with nature within the sacred forest. The life messages in Passang Ri Kajang are oral laws that encompass the entirety of knowledge and experiences related to all aspects and intricacies of life, orally passed down from ancestors to the entire Kajang indigenous community. In Ilalang Embayya (within the customary area), the construction of paved roads, the entry of motor vehicles, and the use of electricity are strictly prohibited. This area is deliberately preserved in its natural state, partly to ensure forest conservation. Moreover, it serves as a place where the Kajang community can continue living simply according to the kamase- masea principle. This traditional communication is not merely a means of interaction but also a tool to instill a sense of responsibility toward nature and to teach sustainable living practices to the next generation.

INTERNATIONALIZATION OF INSTITUTION: CONTINOUS APPROACH IN MANAGING INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

Setyawati Yani — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : There is a gap in an education quality of higher educations in Indonesia. The universities in Western Indonesia are considered acquiring higher quality than those in Eastern Indonesia. Universitas Muslim Indonesia (UMI) is a private higher education located in Makassar in Eastern Indonesia. To bridge the quality gap, as the counterparts starts to achieve an international recognition, UMI implements internationalization process. One of the programs of UMI internationalization process is enhancing the proportion of international students. METHOD : This work discusses strategies implemented by UMI in managing international students. Surveys were conducted to gather information from international student applicants and existing international students to understand how they know UMI and what types of supports are expected from UMI. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: It was found that social media is important to promote the university for future students. UMI has two types of international students, namely full time and non full time students. It was evident that non full time students applied in UMI because of the collaborations between UMI and its international partners. Existing international students were also contributed to promote the university to their family members and friends. The currents students mentioned that apart from scholarship, the supports provided by the university, especially peer mentoring, help international students in adjusting to the new educational and socio-cultural environment. The current students expect that both academic and non academic staff have a good English proficiency. CONCLUSION : A continuous and systematic approach in managing international students must be implemented to increase the proportion of international students in a university. To be successful, the approach will need an involvement from all stakeholders of the university.

CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING HALAL EDUCATION AT FACULTY OF LETTERS UMI: INTEGRATING SHARIA PRINCIPLES IN TEACHING

Muhammad Yunus — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND: This study examines the challenges faced by lecturers of the Faculty of Literature at UMI in integrating Sharia principles into general courses, as well as developing relevant and effective Islamic teaching methods. METHOD: This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data to explore the challenges and solutions in Halal Education at the Faculty of Literature, UMI. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected through a survey via Google Forms to assess program effectiveness. A purposive sample of 16 lecturers was taken from a total of 63 lecturers across various departments and course levels. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The study's results show that the challenges faced by lecturers in integrating Sharia principles at Universitas Muslim Indonesia (UMI) vary. Quantitatively, 12.5% of lecturers stated that the challenge was very significant, 25% considered it large, 31.3% said it was moderate, 18.8% found it small, and 12.5% felt no challenge. The main difficulties identified were limited time (31.3%), limited teaching materials (18.8%), and lack of training (43.8%). Qualitative findings supported these data, with lecturers emphasizing the importance of developing an interdisciplinary Sharia-based curriculum, collaboration with Sharia institutions, and the need for university policies and SOPs to facilitate this integration. Additionally, the lecturers highlighted the importance of incorporating religious elements into student assignments, deepening Quranic studies, and maximizing the use of Sharia-based teaching materials. They also stressed the need for implementing Islamic values in teaching through role modeling and systematic teaching approaches. Well-prepared socialization and a commitment to making Sharia integration mandatory were deemed essential for successful implementation, which is significantly supported by the institution, with 25% of lecturers feeling highly supported and 62.5% feeling supported. CONCLUSION: The research findings indicate that lecturers face challenges in integrating Sharia principles at UMI, with the main difficulties being limited time, materials, and training. Lecturers recommend the development of an interdisciplinary Sharia-based curriculum, university policies, and well-planned socialization. Institutional support is significant, with 87.5% feeling supported.

INTRAOPERATIVE PECTORALIS NERVE BLOCK (PEC) I AND II IN MODIFIED RADICAL MASTECTOMY

Fendy Dwimartyono — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : In most developing countries, breast carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Treatment for some patients require more extensive surgery, such as modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection (MRM). A research article conducted by Karamarie et al regarding Acute and Persistent Pain after breast surgery describes that almost 60% of post-breast surgery patients experience severe pain, and there is persistent pain for 6 – 12 months in 10% of patients. Blanco and colleagues described two ultrasound-guided thoracic wall block techniques. First technique is involves injecting a local anesthetic agent between the pectoralis major and minor which is known as Pectoralis Nerve Block (PEC) I, and modified version of this technique also injected a local anesthetic agent between the pectoralis minor and the serratus anterior muscle or PEC II. However, we want to carry out this block technique (PEC I and II) visually immediately after the breast is lifted and then observe post-surgical pain for 1 x 24 hours. METHOD : We report 1 case of patient undergoing MRM with PECs block that we performed after the breast is lifted. PEC I is injected 10 ml of Bupivacain 0.25% between pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles. PEC II is injected 20 ml of Bupivacain 0.25% between pectoralis minor and serratus anterior muscles. After the operation was complete, we evaluated post-surgical 24 hour in the recovery room and ward. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: We evaluated post-surgical pain every hour in the recovery room and obtained a pain scale with a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) of 0/10 for 2 hours. Then it was re-evaluated every 6 hours during the treatment room and an NRS was obtained between 0-1/10 with the use of analgesics given by the surgeon, namely ketorolac every 8 hours intravenously (IV). During the pain evaluation the patient did not receive the rescue analgesic Fentanyl and no side effects such as nausea and vomiting were found. CONCLUSION : Intraoperative Pectoralis I and II blocks can be a good alternative choice for managing acute pain after Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) surgery because it can reduce the need for post-surgical opioids if the hospital does not have supporting instruments such as ultrasound (USG).

HEARING MODIFICATION TEST QUESTIONNAIRE AS PRE- SCREENING FOR HEARING DISORDERS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN AT PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

Ahmad Ardhani Pratama — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND: The incidence of hearing loss in children is increasing day by day. Hearing loss in children can be a manifestation of disorders that have existed since the baby was born or even before birth. The government has formed a national committee for the prevention of hearing loss and deafness. However, the hearing screening system for babies has not been running properly so that this problem cannot be addressed properly. Many obstacles have caused this program to not run, including the lack of supporting facilities and infrastructure. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct this research in addition to helping the government program in reducing hearing loss in children, also as a form of community service. METHOD: This study is a Cross-sectional Observational Study because the independent variables and dependent variables are taken at one time. The data taken are in the form of a description of the OAE results and data from the hearing modification test questionnaire. The instruments used are in the form of questionnaires and hearing measurement tools using the OAE tool. There were 39 infants and children aged less than 36 months who participated in this study. The collected data were then grouped based on the purpose and type of data, then analyzed using SPSS 22. Using the chi-square correlation test. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: It was found that there was a relationship between the results of the Hearing Modification Test and the incidence of hearing loss in infants and children aged less than 36 months at the health center. In the statistical test, the p value obtained was 0.001, using the chi square statistical test . Where it has a moderate level of relationship. Where through the Hearing Power Modification Test it is possible to predict results that are in accordance with the results of the OAE examination as the gold standard for examining hearing disorders in infants and children. CONCLUSION: that the hearing modification test questionnaire can be used as an initial screening tool (pre- screening) for hearing disorders because it has been proven in OAE examinations carried out on children where the babies and children have risk factors according to the hearing modification test.

MICRONUTRIENT CONTENT IN DANGKE AS A TRADITIONAL FOOD ON CHANGES IN TOTAL CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS IN OBESE WHITE RATS

Asrini Safitri — 2024-11-04

Background: Obesity is an excessive accumulation of fat in the body that disturbs health with the risk of metabolic system disorders in the form of increased cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. The prevalence of obesity in Makassar city is 24.05%. Food is part of the culture in a region, one of which is in Indonesia, precisely in Enrekang, famous for dangke food, which is traditionally processed food using buffalo milk. Some research results show that dangke has a high nutritional content contained fat, protein and water. Scientific studies on the details of how many percent of micronutrient content such as vitamin C, vitamin A, selenium and zinc in dangke are very limited Objectives: To determine the micronutrient content of dangke on changes in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in obese white rats. Methods: Pure experimental with Pre Post Randomized Clinical Trial Design research design. Data analysis using independent T test/Mann-whitney test and paired T test/Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with P value <0.05. Results: Dangke micronutrient content contains vitamin C 0.001988%, vitamin A 0.00613%, which was tested using spectrophotometric method. For mineral levels obtained, selenium mineral 0.00000174%, zinc mineral 0.002729%, which was tested using the ICP-MS method. Changes in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels before and after the intervention in the control group obtained p values of 0.12 and 0.01, meaning there were no significant changes in cholesterol and there were significant changes in triglycerides, while changes in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels before and after the intervention in the dangke group p values of 0.47 and 0.12, meaning there were no significant changes in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The difference in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels before the intervention in the control and dangke groups obtained p-values of 0.37 and 0.78, meaning that there were no significant changes in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, while the difference in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels after the intervention in the control and dangke groups obtained p-values of 0.38 and 0.32, meaning that there were no significant changes in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Conclusion: There was no significant change in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the control and intervention groups but there was a tendency to decrease total cholesterol and triglyceride levels after the intervention in the dangke group. While the micronutrient content of vitamin A is higher than the levels of other parameters

BENEFITS OF SELF-REFLECTION (MUHASABAH) IN BUILDING THE CHARACTER OF MUSLIM DOCTORS

Nur Fadhillah Khalid — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND: Self-reflection (muhasabah) is self-introspection with pay attention and reflecting on the good and bad things as a form of evaluation in living. A Muslim should measure himself, so that he can become a better person over time, especially as a prospective muslim doctors. In Islam, every Muslim is taught to have glorious morals and to do any job well, including the medical profession. A doctor is entrusted with protecting the health of patients, as well as protecting their secrets and honor. The following are commendable morals that Muslim doctors should have, including: Sincerity, Amanah (trustworthy), Mujahid (fighting), Al-Adil (being fair), Mujtahid (high and complete knowledge), Musyarakah (cooperating), Tawasuth (impartial/neutral), Tawazun (balance), Tasamuh (generous) and Tajdid (renewing). METHOD: This research is a descriptive study with a simple random sampling technique, using a muhasabah form to measure themselves and also using deep-interviews on 18 subjects. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: From 18 subjects, the results were obtained, 11 of them had muhasabah mumtaz (very good), 5 people had ahsan (good) and 2 people had kaafii (fair). The majority of subjects feel the benefits of routine self-reflection, including be able to improve intentions and goals in all matters and this is in accordance with the sincere nature as a characteristic of Muslim doctors, having good habits such as keeping time, holding back anger, avoiding arrogant attitudes and ujub, being diligent in giving alms, cleaning heart, and other good deeds, this is in accordance with the characteristics of tasamuh (generous), tawazun (balance), trustworthy, having a target of reading Islamic books, hadish and other sources of knowledge, this is in accordance with the nature of Tajdid (renewing), preaching to patients, families and relatives, this is in accordance with the nature of Mujahid (struggling), including continuing to learn to this day. In daily care for patients, this prospective doctor has tried to apply the characteristics of al-adil (being fair), Tawasuth (not taking sides), musyarakah (cooperating) with paramedics. As for the characteristics of a mujtahid (highly knowledgeable and complete) currently being cultivated. CONCLUSION: Self-reflection (Muhasabah) has benefits in building the character of Muslim doctors

IDENTIFICATION OF THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PATTERN OF GERMS AND SENSITIVITY OF ANTIBIOTICS FROM DECUBITUS ULCER SPECIMENS IN PATIENTS WITH OLD STROKES AT THE SINA MAKASSAR RS. METHOD WITH THE CULTURE METHOD

Yusriani Mangarengi — 2026-09-04

BACKGROUND: Decubitus ulcers due to long-length cracks are completes that will cause the weight of the patient's care of stroke and not maximal handling decubitus ulcers which only rely on treatment using zalf antibiotics only. TYPES OF RESEARCH: Aderupakan something research descriptive observational, with a sample of 5 samples pasient ininstallation care admissionsand (ICU) Ibnu Sina Makassar Hospital on patients with stroke long with ulcer decubitus. RESEARCH PURPOSES: To identify Enisbacteria and sensitivity antibiotics so that can be give therapy antibiotics righton the handling decubitus patients stroke at Ibnu Sina Makassar Hospital with method culture. METHOD RESEARCH: Sample based on the order of the entry hospital (Consecutive sampling) and data processed thes tatistics and analyzed the descriptive to knowing picture microorganisms and antibiotic sensitivity on the ulcer decubitus. RESEARCH RESULTS: ProfileThe germs obtained are 4 (80%), and their LAN in the form of 1 (20%) pneumonia, and the results of antibiotic sensitivity, namely ciprofloxasin on pneumonia's kliebsiella bacteria (50 mm) and e.coli (47 mm), and gentamicin antibiotics on pneumonia (14 mm) and e. coli bacteria (14 mm). CONCLUSION:The highest germ profile found in sufferers of ischemic strok at Ibnu Sina Makassar Hospital, E. coli, with the most sensitiv antibiotics is ciprofloxasin.

THE EFFECT OF AJWA DATES (Phoenix dactylifera L) CONSUMPTION ON TOTAL CHOLESTEROL SERUM LEVELS OF PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Farah Ekawati Mulyadi — 2024-11-04

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of daily consumption of Ajwa dates on the total cholesterol serum levels of perimenopausal women Method: This experimental study with pre-post control design was conducted in Sitti Khadijah I Muhammadiyah Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia, from May until July 2024. This study involved 32 perimenopausal subjects aged 43- 48 years divided into 2 groups randomly (16 subjects as the intervention group, and 16 subjects as the control group). Subjects in the intervention group consumed 7 pieces of Ajwa dates every morning for 8 weeks, while subjects in the control group did not consume dates. Blood samples were taken twice for all subjects, first at the beginning of the study and the second at 8 weeks after the first blood sampling. Total cholesterol (TC) was analyzed using standard methodologies. Collected data was statistically analyzed using SPSS Statistics 26. Results: Consuming 7 pieces of Ajwa dates daily for 8 weeks significantly (p<0.05) lower total cholesterol (TC) serum levels. The changes in total cholesterol levels in the intervention and control groups were significantly different (p 0.001). Total cholesterol levels in the intervention group decreased by 11,12 ± 28,38% compared to those in the control group which increased by 6,41±20,85%. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed the nutritional and health potentials of Ajwa dates as an alternative to herbal medicine to manage hypercholesterolemia, particularly in perimenopause women.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

Rini Handayani — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an influence of organizational culture and work environment on employee performance at the Public Works Office (UP) of Barru Regency, South Sulawesi. Previous studies have yielded inconsistent results. For example, research conducted by Rizal (2019) and Ibrahim (2022) indicates that organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. However, differing results were reported in studies by Warongan (2022) and Sulistiawan (2017).Due to the conflicting findings in previous studies regarding the influence of organizational culture and work environment on employee performance, conducting further research is necessary to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the outcomes. METHOD : The study's population includes 53 employees. A saturated sampling method was used to select the sample for this research. The study adopts a quantitative approach and employs various data analysis methods, such as instrument testing (validity and reliability tests), classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity tests), and hypothesis testing (partial t-test). RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results of this study indicate that organizational culture and work environment have a significant positive effect on employee performance at the Public Works Office (PU) of Barru Regency, South Sulawesi. CONCLUSION : The results of the hypothesis testing suggest that organizational culture positively impacts employee performance. This finding is consistent with research conducted by Rijanto & Mukaram (2022), which asserts that organizational culture significantly influences employee performance variables. In today's era, having an adaptive and flexible organizational culture is crucial for a company's success. Organizational culture encompasses a set of values, norms, beliefs, and behaviors that shape an organization's identity. It influences how work is done, how members interact, and the values they hold dear. Companies that can align their culture with technological changes and market dynamics will gain a competitive advantage. A culture that embraces innovation, promotes learning, and encourages team collaboration enables quick adaptation and responsive decision-making in a constantly evolving work environment (Sutrisno, 2020). Furthermore, the hypothesis testing reveals that the work environment negatively impacts employee performance. This result is consistent with studies conducted by Joarder et al. (2011) and Chairani (2014). The more comprehensive the facilities provided to support employees in their work, the less likely they are to seek alternative employment. This study emphasizes the importance for management to consider how organizational culture and work environment influence employee performance. Future researchers are encouraged to expand on this study by examining different variables or indicators to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that impact employee performance.

GOVERNANCE ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES FOR CHICKEN SLAUGHTERHOUSES: A LEGAL AND IMPLEMENTATION ANALYSIS IN SELANGOR, PAHANG AND KELANTAN

Muhamad Mazuan bin Razaly — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : The halal certification in the country today is still voluntary and any company has the option to obtain it or not. This situation complicates the regulation process as chicken production is carried out by both suppliers with halal certification and those without. Regular monitoring and control of chicken production are highly necessary since slaughtering is a critical process and is easily exposed to non-compliance with halal standards. Being aware of this situation, states like Selangor, Pahang and Kelantan have taken the initiative to make improvements through amendments to the law to ensure that the chicken production can be regulated, monitored and the products produced meet halal and toyyiban (good and wholesome) standards. METHOD : In obtaining the data for this study, the researcher focused on two instruments, i.e. document analysis and interviews. Several legal documents were referred to in conducting this research. Interviews were conducted with several key informants, including officers involved in the states of Selangor, Pahang and Kelantan. The interviews were semi- structured to gather more comprehensive data and information. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: Selangor, Pahang and Kelantan are three states seen as being at the forefront of improving governance implementation, particularly in relation to halal and slaughtering practices. Selangor and Pahang, in particular, have specific legislation under the state's Syariah Criminal Offenses Enactment but it is considered unsuitable and cannot be fully implemented especially concerning non-Muslim operators. To address the issues faced, Selangor has amended the Administration of the Religion of Islam (State of Selangor) Enactment 2003 to empower the Selangor Islamic Religious Department (JAIS) to monitor the slaughter certificate (tauliah). Pahang, on the other hand, has introduced the Poultry Slaughtering Plant (Control and Licensing) (Pahang) Rules 2017, which gives the Department of Veterinary Services (DVS) the authority to require slaughterhouse operators to obtain a license from them. Meanwhile, Kelantan is working on amending the Licensing of Trades, Businesses, and Industries By-laws 2007 which would enable local authorities to mandate food operators including slaughterhouses to obtain halal certification. CONCLUSION : In the absence of a specific Halal Act and with halal certification still being voluntary, the approach taken by the three states mentioned demonstrates that there are other avenues that can be explored to regulate halal chicken production. The three approaches adopted by Selangor, Pahang and Kelantan, through different agencies, offer alternative solutions that can be implemented, and they are commendable initiatives despite the challenges and issues faced in each implementation. The approaches taken by these three states in improving the legal aspects could serve as a model for other states to improve governance implementation, particularly in relation to slaughterhouses.

INHIBITORY TEST OF AJWA DATE SEED EXTRACT ( PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA LINN ) ON THE GROWTH OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS BACTERIA

Maqhfirah Amiruddin — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : A common issue among users of dentures is the inadequate cleaning and maintenance of the dentures, which leads to plaque buildup and an increase in the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria on the dentures. The use of herbal materials in the field of dentistry has been widely researched. One of them is the Ajwa date fruit (Phoenix Dactylifera Linn), which is already known to contain various essential nutrients. In addition to being consumed, Ajwa date seeds can also be utilized as a medicinal ingredient due to their antibacterial and antifungal properties. METHOD : The type of research conducted is a experimental laboratory with a Posttest Only Design. The data from this research is processed and then analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test method (P-Value > 0.05). RESULTS & DISCUSSION : The results of the normality test showed that the p-value was greater than 0.05 for the treatments at concentrations of 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.6%, 25%, and 50%, indicating a normal distribution. In contrast, the treatments at concentrations of 3.25%, 6.5%, and 12.5% showed p-values less than 0.05, indicating that these concentrations did not have a normal distribution. The results of the homogeneity test showed a p-value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05 (p-value < 0.05), indicating that the data is not homogeneous; therefore, the comparison test used was the Kruskal Wallis test. CONCLUSION : The extract of Ajwa date seeds at a concentration of 0.4% has an inhibition power of 13.91 mm, and at a concentration of 50%, it has an inhibition power of 15.84 mm against the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

THE EFFECT OF CARDIO TRAINING AND RESISTANCE TRAINING

Wisudawan Wisudawan — 2024-11-04

Cardio exercises are widely known to have significant benefits for fitness levels; however, recently, weight training or resistance training has also gained popularity as a choice for enhancing fitness. This study aims to evaluate the effects of cardio and resistance training methods on fitness levels in individuals with concentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) and/or grade I diastolic dysfunction. Concentric LVH and grade I diastolic dysfunction are cardiac conditions that often lead to a decline in functional capacity, which can negatively impact overall cardiovascular fitness. In this study, subjects diagnosed with concentric LVH and/or grade I diastolic dysfunction were divided into two groups, each following a cardio training and resistance training program over a specified period. The results of the study indicate that both types of exercise provide significant benefits in improving cardiovascular fitness, although with different effects. Cardio training proved effective in increasing aerobic capacity, as evidenced by an increase in VO2 max and a reduction in blood pressure. This type of exercise also helps improve diastolic function. On the other hand, resistance training showed improvements in muscle strength and endurance, contributing to overall physical fitness and also playing a role in reducing LVH symptoms. The conclusion of this study suggests that both cardio and resistance training can provide significant benefits for individuals with concentric LVH and/or grade I diastolic dysfunction. However, the choice of exercise should be tailored to the individual's specific conditions and health goals. This research provides a crucial foundation for the development of more comprehensive and personalized cardiac rehabilitation programs.

EFFECTIVENESS OF HONEY ( CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA ) AS AN ANTIMICROBA AGAINST TO BACTERIA THAT CAUSE PHLEGHMONOUS GASTRITIS

Sri Vitayani Muchtar — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : Phlegmonous gastritis, a rare but rapidly progressive type of gastritis and has a high mortality rate. This type of gastritis is caused by several bacteria such as Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Proteus and Clostridia; which can cause death in a short time (24 hours) if not detected early. This disease affects all ages. The treatment requires quite high costs, so some people choose to use herbal ingredients to treat the disease including honey for treating gastritis because it is more affordable and has an antimicrobial effect against various types of bacteria. METHODS : The study using the true experimental post test with disc diffusion method; using honey with levels 50%, 75% and 100% applied then drops to growth medium agar that has been cultured for bacteria that cause phlegmonous gastritis (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and measuring the diameter of minimal inhibition zone formed and then comparing it with the positive controls eritromycin (for Staphylococcus aureus) and ciprofloxacin (for Escherichia coli). RESULTS : The diameter of minimal inhibition zone of honey 50%, 75% & 100% shows results exceeding the minimum sensitive limit (26 mm), namely 31,94 mm, 35,00 mm & 39,23 mm. Meanwhile, the results of minimal inhibition zone for positive control are 11,66 mm and 12,33 mm. CONCLUSION : Honey has an antimicrobial effect and shows effective results against bacteria that cause phlegmonous gastritis (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) with a minimal inhibition zone that is greater than the minimum sensitive limit.

OVERVIEW OF ACCESS TO PRIMARY HEALTH SERVICES IN THE LIMITED ACCESS AREA OF SEKO HEALTH CENTER, SEKO DISTRICT

Nurul Hikmah B — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : Geographical conditions in Indonesia have different challenges, especially in remote areas that are difficult to reach by transportation. low levels of community welfare and economy, limited natural resources (low land productivity), low accessibility and limited availability of facilities and infrastructure, low quality of human resources have an impact on the difficulty of reaching maximum health services. Difficulty in patient referrals due to distance and distribution of drugs so that the availability of drugs is also limited. The purpose of this study was to describe access to health services at Seko Health Center based on geographical barriers, physical barriers and health service utilities. METHOD : This study is a quantitative descriptive study that describes and explains the observed phenomena using numbers. The location of the study was at Seko Health Center, Padang Raya Village, Seko District, North Luwu Regency. The population in this study was 491 people who visited in the last 1 month. The Slovin formula was used in determining the sample and a sample of 220 people was obtained with a sampling technique, namely accidental sampling. The data source uses primary data obtained through questionnaires. Analysis test using univariate analysis RESULTS & DISCUSSION: We identified community perceptions in accessing health services based on geographical barriers, physical barriers and health service utilities. We found that the community stated that geographical barriers were difficult, which not only affected access to health services but also affected the availability of medical personnel and health equipment, geographical barriers also contributed to the low frequency of community visits to health services. Physical barriers also occurred related to transportation and inadequate road conditions, especially during the rainy season when the roads were impassable. In health service utilities, the availability of health facilities as a support for health services was also inadequate, this was a significant challenge in ensuring access to comprehensive health services. CONCLUSION : Inadequate access to health services remains a top priority in the health sector, especially in remote areas. Geographical barriers, physical barriers and low health service utilities provide challenges for the public in accessing quality health services so that they need attention from the government. The potential solution that needs to be done is to ensure that access to health services is a priority issue for policy makers so that people in areas with difficult access are able to obtain health services fairly and sustainably.

COMMITMENT, INSTITUTIONAL PARTICIPATION AND CONVERGENCE ON ONE DAY ONE EGG PROGRAM AND ‘MPOK DARTI’ AS INNOVATIONS TO OVERCOME STUNTING IN BARRU DISTRICT

Andi Muhammad Multazam — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : Overcoming stunting problems must be carried out in a comprehensive, integrated and multi-sectoral manner. Quality Family Village program is one of government’s effort that focuses on the issue of preventing stunting by mobilizing participation and synergy between various institutions in the community to play a role in preventing stunting. One of the priority programs of this program is accelerating the reduction of stunting, empowering the family economy, then family planning and health services, and handling social problems. METHOD : This was a qualitative study involved 15 informant. Data was obatain through indepth interview and focus group discussion. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: One Day One Egg is a program which aim to provide one egg per day to children. The main objective of the program is to accelerate the addition of nutrition for children by providing food assistance in order to reduce stunting. This program is focus on children at risk of stunting to be consumed for 6 months. In addition, we also ensure that the eggs are consumed by the target. ‘Mpok Darti’ (kelompok sadar stunting) program or Stunting Awareness Group, is an innovation from Departement of Social in Barru Regency as an effort to accelerate the reduction in stunting rates through changes in healthy living behavior with a sensitive, community-based approach. CONCLUSION : one day one egg and “Mpok Darti” are two programs that are innovations of the barru district government as an effort to accelerate the reduction of stunting. these two programs support each other which are community empowerment and involve multi-sectors.

DESCRIPTION OF HEALTH INFORMATION NEEDS FOR UMRAH PILGRIMS

Harpiana Rahman — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : Umrah is one of the mass gatherings that has the risk of transmitting travel diseases. The higher the public interest in performing Umrah, the higher the risk of transmitting travel diseases. Pilgrims need to learn about the risks of diseases that can be obtained during Umrah. Moreover, the destination country for Umrah is a country with endemic meningitis status. One factor that controls risk behavior is the availability of health promotion services for tourists, in this case, Umrah pilgrims. The description of health description of Health Information Needs for Umrah Pilgrims aims to obtain an overview of the health information needed by Umrah pilgrims when Umrah. METHOD : The research was conducted using quantitative research using a descriptive-analytical approach. The sample used in the study was 66 respondents. The criteria selected were Makassar pilgrims who had just returned from Umrah. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: As many as 77.9% of pilgrims need information about the disease risk when performing Umrah and disease prevention. This proves that pilgrims are aware of the need to prevent disease while performing Umrah. However, most pilgrims do not know the risk of disease that can be obtained during Umrah. CONCLUSION : To prevent disease, Umrah pilgrims need information regarding the types of diseases they are at risk of contracting while performing the Umrah pilgrimage, information on the vaccines needed, and health service procedures in Saudi Arabia.

RELATION OF DENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH KNOWLEDGE LEVEL WITH STATUS OF PLAQUE OF 9-11 YEARS OLD AGE AT MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH DDI AINUS-SYAMSI CITY OF MAKASSAR

Ika Shabrina — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : Dental and Mouth health are the awareness and behavior of each individual. Maintenance of oral hygiene is closely related to plaque control. In general, dental plaque is a soft deposit, colorless, contains bacteria and adheres to the tooth surface. Child's knowledge of oral and dental health can be a factor in maintaining oral health. One of the causes of children's neglect of dental and oral health problems is a lack of knowledge about oral hygiene. Objective: This research is to know the correlation of dental and oral health knowledge with plaque status of 9-11 years old children in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Materials and Methods: This study is observational analytic, with cross sectional study design study. The study population is children 9-11 years old in MI DDI Ainus-syamsi Mariso. Sampling method is Total Sampling with the entire population meet the inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test. Result: Based on the result of Chi-square analysis, p value = 0,000 (p value <α = 0,05), hence Ha is accepted which means the correlation of dental and oral health knowledge with plaque status of 9-11 year old child. Conclusion: There is a correlation between dental and oral health knowledge with plaque status of 9-11 years old at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah DDI Ainus-syamsi Makassar city 2017.

ENHANCING COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN STROKE PATIENTS: THE ROLE OF HALALAN TAYYIBAN FOODS

Muhammad Taftazany bin Abd Rahman — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND: The sustainability of good health and well-being is a key element in achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals holistically. In realizing this aspiration in stroke patients, stroke has had a significant impact on various aspects of a patient's life, including economic, social, and religious practices, which can be seen through the diverse disabilities they experience, such as cognitive impairment. As a result, the welfare of stroke patients is often taken over by caregivers, rehabilitation specialists, and many other parties, sometimes leading to the neglect of aspects related to halalan tayyiban dietary practices, even though good and quality nutrition can aid in cognitive recovery. Therefore, this study will analyze how consuming halal food can improve cognitive function in post-stroke patients. METHOD: This study uses a qualitative approach through literature review methods based on previous studies. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The findings of this study indicate that consuming halal food can enhance the cognitive recovery process in patients suffering from post-stroke cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: By identifying the functions of halal food on enhancing stroke’s cognition, an effective diet can be prepared for the patients in line with shariah’s guideline.

HALAL RESEARCH HUB IN SULU: “EMPOWERING HALAL PRODUCERS AND ENTREPRENEURS THROUGH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A HALAL RESEARCH HUB IN SULU, BARMM”

Daud Frissida A — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : Halal industry is gaining increasing growth worldwide. However, Minority Bloc of the BTA Parliament & Development Advisory Group Philippines (DAGph) (2021) posited, what good is economic growth, when the local communities in the BARMM feel detached from pursuing their industry and exercising their aspirations towards a culturally relevant economy? While halal encapsulates the raison d’être of majority of the residents, it fails to evolve as a dominant anchor of economic affairs of the local communities and the Bangsamoro region. In fact, if the regional government does not adopt systematic measures to catapult the halal economy, BARMM will probably lose out its competitive edge to its neighbors in a short span of time. In the context of Sulu province, Halal industry is driven from BARMM and National forces. There is no existing Halal Certifying Body in the province of Sulu to assure that local foods produced are ensured of its Halalan-Toyyiban standards. This study aims to determine an initial data base on the need for Halal Research Hub in Sulu: “Empowering Halal Producers and Entrepreneurs through the Establishment of a Halal Research Hub in Sulu, BARMM”. METHOD This study employed a Value Chain Analysis (VCR) research process designed to serve as a guide in the generation and analysis of data for the research project. The research process was divided into main components: 1) Desk information review where the researchers extracted secondary data and information from Website research and information from existing literatures, especially from the Minority Bloc of the BTA Parliament and Development Advisory Group Philippines (2021), moreover, data about halal industry in Sulu was taken from MTIT & MOST- Sulu; and 2) Primary data collection where an individual semi-structured interviews among 13 food producers/ entrepreneurs in Jolo, Sulu were done. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The results of the analysis revealed that based on existing secondary information, the stakeholders in the Halal Industry in BARMM context which had been based from the proposed initiative were broke away from the previous and current experiences which put halal activities under the domain of very few agencies responsible for agriculture, industry and trade, science and technology. There was creation of Bangsamoro Halal Ecosystem Program, under which halal agencies will be managed by eight ministries and the Parliament will serve as the lead entities in implementing the various projects and sub-programs identified. Furthermore, the results also revealed which based on the primary data taken from local food producers and consumers in Jolo, the situation of the Halal industry is yet to be developed locally. Foods producers/entrepreneurs mostly have workplace access by tenant or rental. In terms of market sources, foods that are locally produced/prepared are presented/sold for marketing, few are at the nearby market, some at neighbors, and mostly at other areas such as schools, among others. In terms of Halal information flow, all of the respondents have no Halal standards training, though they are aware of the existing Halal certification process in the Philippines. Most of them have information source of Halal market and price information through social media. Most of them have concern or problems related to Halal production, price, and market information. Some have problems related to financing, especially on sources for their business. In terms of socio-economic status, only few individuals are involved in production of local foods, mostly women, the percentage of the household income from the product was not enough, it was just to meet the basic needs for everyday living, and their consumers were from all classes, low and middle class income (LCI/MCI). CONCLUSION : Based from the findings of the study, the proposed project by Sulu State College for the Halal Research Hub in Sulu: “Empowering Halal Producers and Entrepreneurs through the Establishment of a Halal Research Hub in Sulu, BARMM” may be recommended to be pursued as an avenue for growth and development of Halal industry in the local and the region, as well.

PROMOTION OF HALAL INDUSTRY IN SULU: THE KEY TO ECONOMIC GROWTH

Al-Fadzri B. Moharrani — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : Sulu economy is not stable as it cannot meet the growing demands of the local people. The mode of production is backward and the means of production are further crippled by riba, and lack of infrastructure facilities. The objectives of this study are as follows: 1). To know the present state of the Sulu economy, 2). To assess the halal industry as an approach to stimulate economic growth and 3). To identify the role of the ulama and the local governments. METHOD : A descriptive narrative method was used in this research. It is a fact-finding study with an adequate and accurate interpretation of the findings. It describes with emphasis what actually exists, such as current conditions, practices, situations, or phenomena. The principal research instruments in this study are FGD, or focus group discussion, interviews with the key informants, and guide questions. Library work was also undertaken. This study was conducted in Sulu. The respondents to this study were selected ulama, professionals, and businessmen. The steps being followed in data gathering are: Preparation of focus questions; identification of the participants in the focus group discussion; identification of key informants; preparation of a letter of invitation; delivery of the letters; the conduct of the FGD; the conduct of interview with key informants; and the writing of the report. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: Factors Affecting Sulu Economy (Based on FGD) 1. Lack of Support Mechanism FGD Participant 3, emphasized that one factor affects the economy is infrastructure development. There is a need to improve the roads, electricity and the internet access which lead to increase productivity in various sectors, attracts investment both domestic and foreign as well as improve market connection. 2. Lack of Quality Control According to FGD Participants, lack of quality control affects the Sulu economy in terms of damage of consumer’s trusts and product failures. 3. Behavioral aspect This aspect also affected the economics of Sulu. Tausug are the sole solution to their economic problem. They should identify the cause and effect of this dilemma. According to FGD Participant 1, the effect was rooted in these causes: peace and order, family feuds, little trust of the Tausug in the security sectors, laziness, and too much dependency on the government. 4. Lack of Access to Internet Connectivity The economy is negatively impacted in regions lacking technology, as productivity, competitiveness, and economic growth are all reduced. Inefficiency is caused by outdated methods and manual labor, and decision-making is hampered by missing information. Businesses lag behind in the international market, overlook chances for creativity and expansion, and investors steer clear of regions lacking technological support. Insufficient education and technology access result in skill disparities and contribute to an uncompetitive workforce. Unequal technology access contributes to social and economic inequality by restricting opportunities and service availability. Closing the gap in digital access is essential for economic growth and ending the cycle of poverty. Potential Halal Industry in Sulu In introducing halal, it should be guided and start with seeking knowledge about it because it is very clear that consuming halal in any form and avoiding haram in any form is an obligation to every Muslim. In addition, the preparation process should not be contrary to Shari’ah. The Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w) commanded all Muslims to avoid and keep away from the shubhat; this is to guard oneself from committing haram. "إنَّ الحاللَ بي ِّنٌ وإنَّ الحرامَ بي ِّنٌ وبينهما أمورٌ مُشتبِّهاتٌ ال يعلمهنَّ كثيرٌ من الناس فمنِّ اتَّقى الشُّبُهاتِّ استبرأ ل دِّينِّه وعِّرضِّ ه ، ومن وقع في الشُّبهاتِّ وقع في الحرامِّ ، كالراعي يرعى حول الحِّ مى يوشكُ أن يرتعَ فيه ، أال وإنَّ لكل ِّ ملكٍ حمًى ، أال وإنَّ حمى هللاِّ محارمُه" رواه البخاري ( 52 ) “Halal is clear and haram is clear. Midway between them are things which many people do not know whether they are halal or haram. He who keeps away from them will protect his religion and will be saved. He who approaches them will be near to haram, like a herdsman wandering near the place set by the king to be used by his cattle only, who could soon fall into this protected area.Surely, for every king there is such a protected area, and Allah’s is what He declared haram (forbidden)” (Al-Bukhari, hadith no. 52) 1. Halal Food :قوله تعالى: {يَاأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ كُلُوا مِّمَّا فِّي اْلأ َرأ ضِّ حَالَ الً طَي ِّبًا..} [ البقرة168 ] “O mankind, eat from whatever is on earth [that is] lawful and good” (Qur’an 2:168) "إنَّ َّللاَّ َ طي ِّبٌ ال يقبلُ إالَّ طي ِّبًا "أخرجه مسلم ( 1015 ) "Allah is good and only accepts the good" (Muslim, hadith no. 1015) FGD Participants urged that to introduce the halal industry in Sulu, it should begin with the foremost needs of the people: foods and beverages. The food industry in Sulu covers restaurants, food catering, coffee shops, street foods, and the sale of delicacies. There must be a halal certifying body, and the establishments shall comply with all the requirements set by halal certifiers. In addition, a halal slaughterhouse should also be built in our area to ensure the legality of slaughtered animals. Furthermore, According to Badruldin et al. (2012) halal certification in the food industry context refers to the examination of food processes, including transportation and distribution. He explained that halal certification can only be obtained when the food has been verified as nutritious and prepared from permissible ingredients in a clean and hygienic manner. On the other hand, a halal logo must be observed on a packaging, but it should be a verified logo; in other words, trusting a logo alone is insufficient. Simply having the halal emblem on a product’s package or hanging it on a wall is insufficient. Labeling contributes to giving consumers the knowledge they need to make informed decisions. The evidence for this claim is found in some products labelled with the halal logo, yet there are “e- ingredient” fall under the haram category or under musbuh, which should also be avoided due to their shubhat. Below are the lists of e- ingredients that contain pork or pork-like products: e-numbers represent specific food additives, universally adopted by the food industry. They are the reference numbers used by the European Union. (Adopted from the halal awareness seminar attended by the researcher.) E 100, E 110, E 120, E 140, E 1, E 153, E 210, E 213, E 214, E 216, E 234, E 252, E 270, E 280, E 325, E 326, E 327, E 334, E 335, E 336, E 337, E 442, E 430, E 431, E 432, E 433, E 434, E 435, E 436, E 440, E 470, E 471, E 472, E 473, E 474, E 475, E 476, E 477, E 478, E 481, E 482, E 483, E 491, E 492, E 493, E 494, E 495, E 542, E 570, E 572, E 631, E 635, E 904. 2. Halal Clothes Textiles are one aspect of the halal business. Islam comes to the conclusion that the origin of clothes is allowed as a result of the general ruling made by the ulama based on teachings from the Prophet. The well-known Imam Sadiy said: اْلصل في مياهنا الطهارة واْلرض والثياب والحجارة Water was originally ruled to be clean (i.e., not haram), just like land, clothing, and rocks. In accordance with Islamic law, both men and women may wear clothing, with the exception of items that are in violation of the law.For men, it is haram to wear “harir” (silk) of any kind. The Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w) said: " َإنَّ هذَينِّ حَرامٌ عل ى ذُكورِّ أمَّتي" أخرجه أبو د اود4057 “These two (gold and silk) are haram to men in the Muslim ummah.” (Abu Dawud, hadith no. 4057) In addition, it is forbidden for both men and women to expose their “awrat” (the area between the navel and the knees in the case of the former, and the entire body in the case of the latter), with the exception of the areas that are permitted. The Muslimah is a priceless jewel that needs to be shielded from the eyes of evildoers who are driven by heart sickness. Muslimah should cover their heads with a hijab and wear the required attire to protect themselves from nonMahrams. Except for areas of the body that have been exempted by Allah (s.w.t.), clothing should cover the entire body. It shouldn’t serve as its own form of decoration. Allah (swt) declared: :﴿َ وَ الَ يُبأدِّينَ زِّ ينَتَهُنَّ إِّالَّ مَا ظَهَرَ مِّنأهَاَ﴾ [ النور31 ] “And not to show off their adornment.” (Qur’an 24:31) 3. Halal Tourism Today, halal tourism, or Islamic tourism, is a well-established concept in the field of tourism. The aim is to provide travel and tourism services in accordance with Islamic teachings and practices. In Muslim countries, religious commitment should always manifest in tourism, specifically with regard to facilities that do not allow the sale or serving of the alcoholic drink “khamar”, as well as those that allocate swimming pools for families and other things. It spreads in a number of Arab countries, but tourists can find a part of it in Western countries as well. 4. Halal Finance (Akyol, 2014) cited (Zulkifli et al., 2011: 300) states that Islamic finance requires participation in sharing the profit and loss among all parties involved in this financial enterprise. Islamic finance also prohibits interest (riba). Role of Sulu Ulama The ulama, the leaders (umara), and the masses, are the pillars of the Sulu economy. The ulama provide guidance, and the umara implement programs and projects for the welfare of the masses. The masses will in turn work hard to contribute to the growth of the economy. With the support of the Umara, the masses will organize industries and carry forward development. The important role of the ulama in stimulating economic growth is to explain and clarify the issue of riba. They must ensure that riba has no place in business or industrial development. It is known to every Muslim that Islam came to urge them to participate in work related to what strengthens the economy. Among the roles of ulama in developing the economy is to have a place in the government for empowerment. In order for them to promote a riba-free economic system. Based on this argument raised by participants during the FGD, the ulama must have active participation in government because Islam is the only key to development and no one knows Islamic teaching better than the ulama. CONCLUSION : This study is very relevant to addressing the many economic and social problems in Sulu. The promotion of the halal industry shall enable the Tausug to conduct business in accordance with the laws of Islam. Observance of the Islamic rites in slaughtering halal animals, proper hygiene, and the elimination of riba will make the people closer to Allah (s.w.t.). It was highlighted during the FGD the importance of organizing academe and ulama to provide mass orientation on halal and every establishments should create halal lane as it is the duty and responsibility of every single Muslim to have an in-depth understanding of halal.

MAQASID SYARIAH APPROACH IN BOYCOTTING FRANCHISES: THE CASE OF MCDONALD'S MALAYSIA

Kamaruzaman Noordin — 2024-11-04

Abstract: This study examines the issue of economic boycotts in Islam, with a specific focus on the case of McDonald's Malaysia. The research begins with an introduction to the concept and history of boycotts within the Islamic tradition and the role of boycotting as part of economic jihad based on evidence from the Quran and Sunnah. The study also discusses the perspectives of Fiqh al-Waqi' (jurisprudence of current realities) and Maqasid Shariah (objectives of Islamic law) in assessing the legitimacy of boycotting companies associated with Muslim interests, particularly those involving the ownership and operations of multinational franchises such as McDonald's. The Maqasid Shariah approach is used to evaluate aspects of the protection of religion (hifz al-din), wealth (hifz al-mal), and the balance between benefits (maslahah) and harms (mafsadah). A case study of McDonald's Malaysia is conducted to understand the company's ownership structure, the relationship between the franchise and its global operations, and the impact of proposed boycotting actions. The analysis also considers fatwas and scholars' opinions regarding the boycotting of Muslim-owned franchises, as well as the economic and social effects of such boycotts on the local economy, including the impact on more than 21,000 employees and the local supply chain. The study further proposes targeted policies based on Maqasid Shariah principles to help the government and NGOs implement more effective and ethical boycotts while avoiding harm to the Muslim community in Malaysia. The findings of this study suggest a reassessment of boycotting franchises that contribute to the local economy, considering the balance between economic interests and religious values. The practical implications of this research are expected to form the foundation for future studies and support more sustainable policies related to halal issues and the interests of the Muslim community.

SAFE AND HALAL COSMETIC: COMMUNICATING RISKS THROUGH INGREDIENT LABELS OF SKIN WHITENING PRODUCT

Fatin Nur Majdina Nordin — 2024-11-04

The increasing demand for skin whitening products has raised concerns regarding both safety and ethical considerations, particularly in relation to halal compliance. Public health concerns focus on cosmetic safety and the accessibility of risk information. Past studies have revealed that misconceptions, misinformation, and misunderstandings about cosmetic safety and ingredient risks often stem from a lack of clear information and an inadequate understanding of the severity of risks communicated to consumers. The complex composition of cosmetic ingredients, along with the scientific names listed on labels, can be difficult for users to interpret, further contributing to confusion. This paper examines the role of ingredient labeling as a critical tool for effectively communicating these risks, including halal-certified skin whitening products. Halal cosmetics must adhere to religious guidelines and meet safety standards to prevent adverse health effects. A random sampling technique was used to select 104 whitening products from the market, with document analysis employed to examine product labels and laboratory analysis conducted for the presence of mercury. The data were presented using simple descriptive and inferential statistics, organized according to identified themes and categories. The findings revealed the uncertain status of many whitening cosmetics in the market due to the presence of non-compliant and non-registered products, as well as inaccurate labeling information. Registration status was identified as crucial for cosmetic safety, as product registration is bound by regulations. Additionally, labeling claims such as Halal logos (4.8%), GMP certification (2.9%), and MOH approval (1.9%) were found on 20% of whitening products, despite their non-registration status. This study also documented status of whitening agents used in the 104 products. The study concludes that labeling alone is insufficient for effectively communicating cosmetic safety and risks. Additional tools are necessary to evaluate and understand the ingredients listed on product labels. This paper offers insights into how clear and transparent ingredient labeling can bridge the gap between consumer knowledge, safety assurance, and halal compliance, providing regulatory recommendations for manufacturers and consumers.

SOCIAL DETERMINANT FACTORS OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN HIV SUFFERER

Fatmah Afrianty Gobel — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as syphilis are still often found and are one of the opportunistic infections in people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The prevalence of syphilis STDs in people with HIV is greater than in HIV-negative patients, 9.8% and 1.3%, respectively. The incidence of syphilis and HIV co-infection is increasing, especially in the MSM population. This study aims to analyze in depth the social determinants of opportunistic infections of sexually transmitted diseases in people with HIV in South Sulawesi Province. METHOD : This study used a qualitative approach to six people with HIV, who were interviewed in depth regarding the social behavior that caused them to contract sexually transmitted infections even though they had tested positive for HIV. RESULTS & DISCUSSION : HIV sufferers who experience STD co-infection, aged between 17-35 years, with the highest education of Bachelor, with private and self-employed jobs, and until now are still actively engaging in sexual activities at risk of contracting STDs, namely not using condoms during sexual intercourse, having sex with same-sex partners (dominated by MSM), generally previously admitted to having a boyfriend of the opposite sex but had no interest in having sex with a partner of the opposite sex. They admitted to being faithful to one partner when building a romantic relationship, but their partner was often unfaithful. Some of them admitted to living in the same house for years with their same-sex boyfriend, although there were also those who lived in different cities with their partners, so their sexual activity depended on the intensity of meetings, some did it routinely and some only occasionally when they met. Only one of the six admitted that his HIV status was known to his family and accepted the condition, one person admitted to experiencing stigma and discrimination by being expelled from training activities because his HIV status was discovered by the event organizing committee. Symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases experienced include purulent urination and genital warts. CONCLUSION : The most prominent social determinant factor that causes HIV sufferers to contract STDs is risky sexual behavior, namely unprotected same-sex sexual relations.

TRUST AND TRANSFORMATION: THE IMPACT OF SME TRUST ON PEER-TO-PEER SHARING PLATFORMS IN MAKASSAR

Noor Asyraq — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : Research indicates that national economic growth is closely linked to the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), with P2P Lending emerging as a technological solution for MSME financing in Makassar. This study aims to analyze the causes and impacts of P2P Lending credit distribution on MSMEs in Makassar, focusing on three sample MSMEs: Black White Coffee, Fatea, and Brother Foodie. METHOD : The research methods used include content analysis, fishbone diagrams to illustrate the causes and impacts of credit distribution, and direct interviews with MSME owners. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results show that the development of P2P Lending credit for MSMEs in Indonesia is hindered by several factors, including high risk of default, many businesses that are not yet bankable, a lack of investor confidence, inadequate regulatory readiness, and minimal outreach regarding credit guarantee institutions. CONCLUSION : As solutions, it is recommended to establish borrower groups and implement regular savings systems to address default issues. Additionally, coordination among government agencies is needed to develop regulations that ensure the security of P2P Lending businesses and protect the confidentiality of data for both investors and borrowers.

THE ROLE OF SPIRITUAL, INTELLECTUAL, AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN ENHANCING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT THE PANGKEP REGENCY SECRETARIAT, SOUTH SULAWESI

Ahmad Nur Amali Akbar — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : This research examines how spiritual, intellectual, and emotional intelligence affect employee performance at the Regional Secretariat of Pangkep, South Sulawesi. Understanding these factors is essential in today’s workplace, where traditional intelligence measures often fall short. The findings aim to help leaders and policymakers improve employee performance and enhance organizational effectiveness. As companies focus more on holistic employee development, this study contributes valuable insights for better human resource practices that promote a more engaged and productive workforce. METHOD : Utilizing a sample of 100 employees, the study employs quantitative methods to analyze the relationships between these types of intelligence and job performance. The findings reveal that all three intelligences significantly contribute to enhancing employee performance. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: Spiritual intelligence, characterized by self-awareness, flexibility, and a holistic viewpoint, fosters a positive work environment. Intellectual intelligence, which encompasses numerical, verbal, and perceptual skills, is crucial for problem-solving and logical reasoning, enabling employees to adapt effectively to new challenges and improve decision-making processes. Emotional intelligence, emphasizing self-awareness, self-regulation, and motivation, enhances employee engagement and productivity. Among these variables, emotional intelligence emerges as the most dominant factor influencing employee performance, highlighting its critical role in navigating interpersonal dynamics and motivating individuals to achieve their goals. The results indicate a strong correlation, with an R-squared value of 0.875 (87.5%), suggesting that 87.5% of the variation in employee performance can be explained by the combined influences of spiritual, intellectual, and emotional intelligence. CONCLUSION : This study contributes to the understanding of how various forms of intelligence interact to influence job performance, suggesting avenues for future research to further explore these dynamics in organizational settings.

EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF WORKLOAD, WORK-LIFE BALANCE, AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY

Aswandi Aswandi — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : This study aims to examine the urgent impact of workload, work-life balance, and work environment on employee performance at PT. Bumi Karsa, Makassar. Given the critical nature of these factors in shaping employee productivity and well-being, a quantitative approach was employed for this research. METHOD : The study specifically targeted 58 indoor employees at the company's headquarters. The findings underscore the significant and positive influence of workload, work-life balance, and work environment on employee performance at PT. Bumi Karsa, Makassar. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: Through comprehensive regression analysis, hypothesis testing revealed an R value of 0.739, indicating a robust relationship where these factors collectively account for 73.9% of the variance in employee performance, surpassing the 50% threshold considered substantial in such studies. Furthermore, ANOVA testing demonstrated a significance level of 0.000, well below the conventional threshold of 0.05, thereby affirming the validity and reliability of the regression model. CONCLUSION : The results of this study highlight the crucial role of workload, work-life balance, and work environment in enhancing employee performance. The positive and substantial impact of these factors suggests that PT. Bumi Karsa should prioritize optimizing these aspects to improve employee productivity and satisfaction. Effective management strategies addressing workload, promoting a healthy work-life balance, and creating a supportive work environment can lead to significant improvements in performance. The study’s robust findings offer valuable insights for organizational policies and practices, aiming to foster a more productive and engaged workforce.

THE INFLUENCE OF COMPANY SIZE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE

Nurlaela Nurlaela — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : Companies or company management have more information related to company operations and future prospects compared to external parties such as investors, creditors, underwriters and other information users. Therefore, to respond to these problems and reduce the information asymmetry that occurs, what can be done is to provide a signal to external parties through the company's financial report which contains credible or reliable company financial performance information and will provide certainty regarding the company's sustainability prospects in the future. This study aims to analyze company size on the financial performance of manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange METHOD : The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach. The quantitative approach is related to methods that rely on objective measurements and mathematical (statistical) analysis of data samples obtained through questionnaires, polls, tests, or other research instruments to prove or test the hypothesis (temporary assumptions) proposed in the study. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: Research often shows that company size can affect profitability. Larger companies typically have better access to resources, technology, and markets, which can improve their operational efficiency and profitability. CONCLUSION : The conclusion of this study tends to emphasize that company size affects financial performance, but the impact may vary based on other factors such as management, capital structure, and market conditions. For more specific and detailed conclusions, it is important to refer to the specific studies and data analysis used in the study.

STUDY OF SALT POND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN THE DISTRICT OF PANGKAJENE AND ISLANDS

Amril Amril — 2024-11-04

BACKGROUND : The people's salt industry in the Pangkajene and Islands Regency should be taken seriously by the local government so that salt production increases and the quality of salt produced is by consumption and industrial salt standards. This study aims to assess the existing conditions of salt pond management in Pangkep Regency as the basis for the study of the sustainability of the salt industry in Pangkep Regency. This research was conducted in 3 (three) districts, namely Marang, Labakkang and Bungoro. METHOD: The research was conducted for six months, from April to September 2023. The research data were collected using several methods, namely Focus Group Discussion (FGD), laboratory testing, observation, survey, structured interview and literature study. The research data were analyzed descriptively and presented as pictures and narratives. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The resulting data were compared with related literature studies. The results showed that the local government needs to make efforts to increase the motivation of educated young people to be involved in the management of salt farms so that this business can be sustainable. The salt production process in Pangkep Regency is still very dependent on weather conditions, so it cannot be produced throughout the year. Therefore, intervention is needed from the local government and related parties to introduce technology to improve the salt production process. The role of institutions is very important to ensure the distribution and market absorption of salt produced by farmers. Institutions are also very important in providing production facilities to support increased production and quality of salt produced by farmers. CONCLUSION: The local government needs to encourage educated young people to get involved in managing salt farms to ensure sustainability. Technology should be introduced to improve the production process, as it is currently affected by weather conditions. Institutions play a crucial role in distributing and marketing salt and providing production facilities to support farmers in increasing production and quality.

REMOTE SENSING STUDY OF MANGROVE DENSITY IN WARMON VILLAGE, SORONG REGENCY, SOUTHWEST PAPUA USING LANDSAT 8 NDVI: CONSERVATION AND ECOTOURISM STRATEGY

Ahmad Fahrizal — 2024-11-05

Mangroves are significant ecological and economic ecosystems that thrive along coastlines and river estuaries where tidal seawater is present. Indonesia is home to approximately 3 million hectares of mangrove forests, which span 95,000 kilometers and account for 23% of the global mangrove ecosystem. One notable region with these ecosystems is Papua. However, Indonesia has seen a decline in mangrove areas due to high rates of deforestation. Affected regions include the mangroves in Sorong Regency. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the health of these mangroves, particularly in Warmon Village, by assessing their density through remote sensing technology. This study aims to measure the distribution and density of mangrove forests in Warmon Village, Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua using Landsat 8 imagery with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method. This study uses primary and secondary data. Direct observation was also conducted in the mangrove area to assess density using Landsat 8 satellite imagery data. Secondary data was obtained from the Sorong Regency and City Spatial Planning Map. Data analysis was conducted spatially using ArcGIS version 10.8.1 to produce a mangrove density map with a scale of 1:8.000. The results of the NDVI analysis can be used to promote mangrove areas as ecotourism destinations. Data indicating healthy mangrove density can draw in tourists and investors, while also enhancing awareness of the significance of conserving mangrove ecosystems. The study revealed that the mangrove distribution in Warmon Village spans 1,261 hectares. The specific areas recorded at three observation stations were 18.34 ha, 17.54 ha, and 20.11 ha, respectively. These findings indicate that the mangrove forest in Warmon Village, Sorong Regency, falls within a density classification of 0.17 to 0.67, ranging from bad to good. This data can serve as a foundational basis for developing conservation efforts, aquaculture, and sustainable tourism or ecotourism initiatives. The application of NDVI with Landsat 8 satellite imagery is highly effective for conducting density analyses in the mangrove areas of Warmon Village, as infrared aerial images show a strong and significant correlation that supports ecotourism development.

FATTY ACID PROFILES OF ENDEMIC FISH (Telmatherina celebensis and Telmatherina bonti) IN LAKE TOWUTI, LUWU TIMUR DISTRICT SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA

Jayadi Jayadi — 2024-11-05

BACKGROUND : The Community of Ayau Island in Raja Ampat Regency employs a unique method for managing economic marine resources, including grouper, through a regulation known as Sasi law. This regulation is identified as the traditional practice of opening and closing fishing areas during certain periods, allowing organisms to reproduce optimally before being harvested. To preserve local cultural heritage and marine resources, identification of Sasi's numerous forms and analysis of the Sasi law areas in Ayau Island is critical due to all of them are mostly undescribed. This study aims to examine the types of Sasi law, the sanctions or penalties, and the decision-making model in the implementation of Sasi law. Also, the jurisdictional areas of Sasi law and conservation zone were mapped to identify the boundaries of the Sasi area in the Ayau Island, Raja Ampat Regency. METHOD : This study employs primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from 70 respondents interviewed, including local fishermen, traditional elders, and relevant stakeholders. The types of Sasi, penalties for violating Sasi regulations, and the decision-making models employed during Sasi were identified. Direct observations were also performed in the fishing ground to assess operational aspects and mark the Sasi law's region using GPS. Conversely, secondary data was obtained from the Regional Office of Marine and Fisheries Management in Raja Ampat and the Central Bureau of Statistics to identify research site boundaries and support questionnaire outcomes. Data related to the forms of Sasi law were analyzed descriptively, while the jurisdictional borderline of Sasi law was analyzed spatially using ArcGIS 10.8.1 version to generate a territorial map, and the output was also described. RESULTS & DISCUSSION : The results indicate numerous types of Sasi in Ayau Island, categorized based on location, commodity Sasied, the executed institution, and duration. According to the implementation region, Sasi is divided into three: the red zone is the largest grouper spawning area on Ayau island, the no-take zone is a prohibited fishing area, and the utilization zone, which individual clan leaders or elders regulate. Violators of Sasi law face three levels of sanctions e.g. light, moderate, and severe. The sanctions range from communal work as the lightest penalty to fines requiring the payment of a sum of money, and expulsion from the village as the most severe sanction. Punishments in the form of warnings and fines are used to provide a deterrent effect, educate manners, and conserve resources for future generations. Decision-making in the Sasi's implementation is performed traditionally in meetings and specific rituals attended by respected elders and clan leaders. The assessment of the conservation area in Ayau Island, comprising 101,440 hectares, revealed that not all grouper Sasi areas are conservation zones. This finding demonstrates the local community's concern for the environment, as evidenced by the expansion of protected areas through Sasi's regulations, even outside designated conservation zones increasing grouper yield production. CONCLUSION : This study concludes the existence of numerous types of Sasi in Ayau Island based on location, commodity Sasied, the executed institution, and duration implementation. The violation of Sasi law has effective and leveled sanctions. The decision-making not only educates but also plays a significant role in preserving marine resources. The jurisdictional boundaries of Sasi law reveal a contribution to the preservation of grouper resources outside conservation areas in the Ayau Island, Raja Ampat Regency.

INTEGRATION OF CSR ACCOUNTING EDUCATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION CURRICULUM: IMPACT ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS FROM A PHENOMENOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Tenriwaru Tenriwaru — 2024-11-05

BACKGROUND : The existence of this college, especially in South Sulawesi with many universities in this area, can be analyzed through stakeholder relationships because both internal and external stakeholders can influence the strategy, goals, quality of teaching and activities of the college. Stakeholder demands have an impact on higher education and if stakehoders' requirements change, the college needs to evaluate feedback and determine its goals and improve its processes in meeting the needs of its stakeholders. Related to accounting education providers (especially social and environmental accounting) is an interesting thing in the context of stakeholders in the world of education because it has a uniqueness where universities are certainly different from companies. Universities (both private and public) are unique at different levels of status hierarchy and governance, have a normative mission, also maintain high academic standards and academic freedom, so the purpose of this study is to identify how accountant competencies are needed by higher education stakeholders related to social and environmental accounting. The identification of stakeholder needs is expected to contribute to universities so that they can prepare the means to achieve these needs appropriately, and at the same time build a competitive advantage for the institution itself. METHOD : This research is a qualitative research with the research approach used is a phenomenological interpretive study. The phenomenological approach is a qualitative data analysis technique to reveal the common meaning that is the essence of a concept. Sumber: Sutoyu 2019 Gambar 1 Design Riset Fenomenologi RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results show that the integration of CSR accounting education in the curriculum helps increase students' awareness of the importance of corporate social responsibility. Students become more sensitive to how companies play a role in maintaining environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and the influence of their business on society. students who are exposed to CSR accounting education feel more prepared to face the demands of social responsibility in the world of work. They may better understand how to integrate CSR into business strategy and corporate reporting, as well as how to deal with complex ethical issues. This research may also uncover any challenges or barriers in integrating CSR in the accounting curriculum. For example, students may find it difficult to understand how CSR concepts are practically applied in financial statements, or it could be that lecturers do not have enough relevant materials to teach CSR in depth. CONCLUSION : The integration of CSR accounting education in the curriculum increases students' awareness and understanding of the importance of corporate social responsibility. Students are more sensitive to the role of companies in maintaining a balance between economic benefits and social and environmental impacts. Through direct experience in learning CSR, students experience changes in their perspective on the role of companies in society. From a phenomenological perspective, students realize that accounting does not only deal with financial statements, but must also reflect the real social responsibility of the company. They feel that accounting can be a tool to measure the social impact and sustainability of companies, which they may not have realized before.

IMPLICATIONS OF AUDITOR CHARACTERS ON AUDIT QUALITY

Kirana Ikhtiari — 2024-11-05

BACKGROUND : Users of financial statements rely on the services of Public Accounting Firms in assessing the reliability of a company's financial statements. Auditors working at Public Accounting Firms are required to maintain professionalism in their work so that the quality of the audit of the financial statements produced can be relied upon and trusted. For this reason, auditors must always maintain their independence and continue to improve their competence. In addition, auditor ethics are also very important in maintaining audit quality. This study aims to analyze the implications of auditor character on audit quality with a focus on the influence of auditor independence and competence and the moderating role of auditor ethics in the relationship. Audit quality is key to ensuring the accuracy and transparency of financial statements, and auditor character including independence, competence and ethics play an important role in this process. METHOD : This research uses quantitative methods and research data were obtained through a questionnaire that will be given o 35 auditors working at Public Accounting Firms in Makassar City that are registeredwith the Audit Board (BPK). This study evaluates how auditor independence and competence affect audit quality and how this influence is moderated by auditor ethics. RESULTS& DISCUSSION: The research findings show that auditor independence and competence have a significant impact on audit quality. Auditor ethics are proven to act as an important moderating variable, where strong ethics can strengthen the positive influence of independence and competence on audit quality. CONCLUSION : The results of this study indicate that improving auditor ethics can increase the effectiveness of independence and competence in improving audit quality. This study suggests the need for greater attention to ethics training in auditor development and the integration of ethical principles in audit policies to ensure optimal audit quality.

HE EFFECT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND COMPANY SIZE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE WITH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE (Study on the Main Company of Astra Group)

Hasriani Hasriani — 2024-11-05

BACKGROUND : The growth of financial institutions in Indonesia is influenced by various factors such as systemic risk, geopolitics, and economic diversification. Competition between conventional and digital financial services, as well as the impact of the global financial crisis, also play an important role. Nevertheless, with a solid regulatory framework from the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the financial sector in Indonesia has the potential to continue to grow and thrive. The Astra Group, with its business model based on synergy and diversification, has demonstrated its ability to overcome these challenges and remain competitive in various sectors. This research is important to understand how intangible assets such as employee knowledge and skills can affect a company's financial performance. Intellectual Capital is often a significant source of competitive advantage, especially in knowledge-based industries. In addition, this study also aims to evaluate how firm size and Good Corporate Governance (GCG) practices affect financial performance. Good GCG implementation can enhance transparency, accountability and investor confidence, which in turn can strengthen the financial stability and reputation of the firm. By understanding the interaction between these factors, this research can help multinational companies develop more effective management strategies to achieve optimal performance. METHOD : This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach to examine the effect of intellectual capital and company size on financial performance with Good Corporate Governance (GCG) as an intervening variable. The data source is obtained from financial report data from 2019 to 2023 which is archived and published by the company on the company's official website. Data analysis was carried out using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method using SmartPLS software. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: Intellectual Capital and Company Size have a positive and significant influence on Good Corporate Governance (GCG) and Company Financial Performance. Astra Group has shown that improvements in Intellectual Capital, such as through the development of environmental technology solutions and the improvement of human resources, contribute to better GCG implementation and improved financial performance. In addition, larger companies, such as Astra Group, have more resources and capacity to manage more complex operations, which enables them to attract more investors and lenders as well as improve operational efficiency and capital expansion. The implementation of GCG principles such as transparency, accountability, and responsibility is also proven to have a positive impact on the financial performance of companies. Thus, the combination of Intellectual Capital, Company Size, and good GCG implementation is the key to success in improving the company's financial performance. CONCLUSION : The combination of Intellectual Capital, Company Size, and good implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) principles has proven to be a key factor in improving the company's financial performance. Astra Group has shown that by leveraging intellectual capital, such as through technological innovation and human resource development, as well as utilizing the company's large size to manage complex operations, they can achieve higher operational efficiency and attract more investors. The implementation of GCG principles such as transparency, accountability and responsibility also contributes significantly to this success, creating greater market value and ensuring effective cost management.

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND HALAL MARKET POTENTIAL (STUDY OF UMKM IN MAKASSAR CITY, INDONESIA)

St. Masita Nairul Aulia Putri — 2024-11-05

Results of this research show that the halal market in Makassar City has experienced significant growth in recent years. Based on survey data conducted among micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), around 75% of respondents have started to adopt the halal concept in their products and services. This especially happens in the food and beverage sector, which is the dominant sector in the halal industry in this city. Products with halal certification have proven to be more popular with consumers, especially from the Muslim family segment who are very concerned about the halalness of the products they consume. In addition, a survey of consumers shows that 80% of respondents prefer products labeled halal, even when the product has a slightly higher price than non-halal products. This preference is caused by public awareness of the importance of halal products, not only from a religious perspective, but also from the aspects of quality, health and cleanliness. In terms of business actors, 65% of MSMEs in Makassar stated that they experienced an increase in demand after obtaining halal certification. However, around 30% of MSMEs surveyed still face difficulties in obtaining certification, especially related to costs and long administrative processes.

PUBLIC COMMUNICATION DESIGN IN GOVERNMENT: EMPOWERING COMMUNITIES THROUGH THE MACCINI SOMBALA CASE STUDY AS MAKASSAR'S BEST URBAN VILLAGE

Abd Majid — 2024-11-05

Background: Public communication is vital for conveying information, raising awareness, and mobilizing community participation in empowerment initiatives. The case study of Maccini Sombala exemplifies how effective public communication design within government can empower communities by enhancing engagement, building trust, promoting inclusivity, and facilitating development. This study aims to analyze the public communication strategies employed by Kelurahan Maccini Sombala as a model for community empowerment through the kelurahan competition activities in Makassar City. Method: This research utilizes a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach, focusing on Maccini Sombala in the Tamalate District of Makassar City. Data were collected through observations, interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis involving key informants from the Makassar City Empowerment Agency, the Tamalate Sub-District Head, the head of Maccini Sombala, the Chair of the Community Consultation Institute, the Chair of Family Welfare Empowerment, and the Chair of the Maccini Sombala Community Coordination Body. Results & Discussion: The findings reveal that the government's public communication design effectively empowers the community through district competitions, employing a two-way communication approach that actively engages residents. This strategy enhances awareness of local issues and strengthens the relationship between the government and the community, with the competition serving as a platform to explore residents' potential and creativity, foster a sense of togetherness, and encourage involvement in sustainable development. Conclusion: Key factors contributing to the success of public communication design include optimizing social media and responsive service systems to reach a broader audience, particularly youth; fostering effective interactions with the community; facilitating participatory forums; and establishing partnerships with local stakeholders. These elements reinforce residents' ownership of empowerment programs. Regular evaluations of implemented initiatives are essential for identifying challenges and opportunities, thereby supporting the sustainability of empowerment efforts in the future.

POROUS ECO-PAVING AS A LIQUID WASTE FILTER

Ritnawati Ritnawati — 2024-11-05

BACKGROUND : Paving blocks are materials for covering the soil layer on roads and parks. The advantage of paving blocks is that they can transmit surface water into the soil, are easy to make and install on the ground surface, have a variety of shapes, are easy to maintain and are cheap. Paving blocks consist of binding materials, namely cement, water and filler in the form of sand. Other materials can be added to get the special properties of the paving. Various efforts are made to utilize the waste around us to be used as a substitute material for cement and sand substitutes. In addition, the use of local resources can be in the form of the utilization of garbage and waste that supports government programs in developing the concept of green construction in the construction world, because water absorption when using paving blocks can maintain the balance of groundwater. Previous research on eco-paving materials has been carried out. One of them is that the use of plastic as a substitute for cement can reduce the cost of paving block production. The use of sea sand mixed with plastic waste can increase the durability of paving blocks. The quality of paving blocks that can be produced using sea sand is grade C based on the SNI 03-0691-1996 standard. METHOD : The research method in this study is an experimental laboratory. The first stage is washing and drying the gravel aggregate, then continued with the process of frying rice husks. The next stage is the weighing of aggregates and classification by type. The last stage is to carry out the design mix process with each aggregate with adhesive material. The design mix consists of components that are arranged vertically consisting of 8 meshes of gravel material (1) which are arranged at the very bottom and followed by rice husks (2) at the bottom, then continued with the preparation of carbon charcoal (3) on the top layer of rice husks and quartz sand (4) which is arranged at the top after carbon charcoal and glued to each component part with Portland cement or fly ash. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The composition of Porous Eco-Paving includes the first layer of 8 mesh gravel weighing 1240 gr, the second layer of rice husk weighing 144 gr, while the third layer of carbon charcoal weighing 670 gr, and the fourth layer of quartz sand 1395 gr. The additional mixture in each layer is water with 230 ml for a mixture of gravel and carbon charcoal, while water with 240 ml for a mixture of quartz sand and rice husks. So that it produces Porous Eco-Paving with a size of 20 cm long, 16 cm high and 8 cm wide. The composition of the Porous Eco-Paving design mix applies to cement and fly ash adhesives. Figure 1 : Aggregate Briquette Constituents (Source: Primary Data, 2022) With the Porous Eco-Paving dimensional design, length = 56 cm, width = 27 cm, and height = 16 cm, a volume of 0.025 m3 is obtained. Based on the relationship between the width and depth of the flow in the best hydraulic cross- section, the rectangular shape obtained a filling time of 10.41 seconds or 96.061 m3/s with a seepage time of 5.942 sec or 0.00058 m3/s so that the total filling is 0.013928845 m3s with an Eco-Paving thickness of 8cm. As a result of the calculation from the information above, it can be concluded that the fly ash adhesive takes longer to harden with a 7 x 24 hour Porous Eco-Paving drying time to obtain strong adhesion so that it can function properly. The results of the laboratory test were obtained from the wastewater reduction process with TSS 14 cement adhesive, pH 7.1, COD 6.04, BOD 2.88, Oil and Fat 2.7 and Total Coliform 1,200 while with fly ash adhesive TSS 46, pH 8.15, COD 110.07, BOD 60.38, Oil and Fat 8.5 and Total Coliform 3,500. From the results of the laboratory test of Porous Eco-Paving for wastewater treatment, the selection of Porous Eco-Paving with cement adhesive is very effective to be used as a wastewater treatment medium. CONCLUSION : Based on the results of the process of making Porous Eco-Paving with each aggregate and adhesive material of cement and fly ash, Porous Eco-Paving is produced as domestic wastewater treatment with a height of 16 cm, a width of 8 cm and a length of 20 cm. A series of components arranged vertically with dimensions of length = 56 cm, width = 27 cm, and height = 16 cm, then a volume of 0.025 m3 is obtained. Based on the relationship between the width and depth of the flow at the best hydraulic cross-section of the rectangular shape, the filling time of Porous Eco-Paving was obtained of 10.41 seconds or 96.061 m3/s with a seepage time of 27.201 s or 0.00016 m3/s so that the total filling of Porous Eco-Paving was 0.0142938768 m3s with a thickness of 8cm Porous Eco-Paving. From the results of the above calculations and based on the infiltration and permeability testing of Eco-Paving domestic liquid waste treatment with cement adhesives, it can be concluded that cement adhesives are easier to harden with an Eco-Paving drying time of 1 x 24 hours.

EFFECT OF PALM FIBER USE ON CLAY SOIL WITH DIRECT SHEAR TEST

Erdawaty Erdawaty — 2024-11-05

The purpose of this study is to determine the physical properties of soil in Battang District, Wara Bara Village, Palopo City and analyze direct shear testing on clay soil with the addition of palm oil fiber with the addition of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% and 10% palm fiber variations. The test methods carried out are the physical properties of soil and mechanical soil properties. The physical properties tests carried out include testing moisture content, specific gravity, atterberg limits and grain gradients, while mechanical properties tests are direct shear tests. The results of the physical properties of the soil show that the soil is a clay soil. and the results of the direct shear test for kohes tilapia at point 1 of the 0% variety were obtained at 0.045 Kg/cm² and continued to increase until the 10% variety became 0.093 kg/cm², the shear angle of tilapia obtained at the 0% variety was 10.343° and continued to increase until the 10% variety was 19.776°. Meanwhile, at point 2, indigo is obtained at 0% variety of 0.050 Kg/cm² and continues to increase until the 10% variety is 0.096 Kg/cm², the shear angle tilapia obtained at 0% variety is 11.775° and continues to increase until the 10% variety is 22.206°. Thus the addition of palm fiber can increase the kohes indigo (c) and also increase the indigo shear in the direct shear test.

DEVELOPING THERMAL INSULATION MATERIAL FROM WATER HYACINTH AND PLASTIC WASTE FOR APPLICATION IN SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS

Juhana Said — 2024-11-05

BACKGROUND : The use of water weeds (water hyacinth) and plastic waste as raw materials for thermal insulators is considered a major advantage for saving energy and the environment and has economic benefits. In this study, an environmentally friendly thermal insulator panel board was developed based on water hyacinth and plastic waste with two alternative binding materials, namely cement and resin. This panel board is expected to be a substitute material for wooden boards, the use of which is no longer encouraged because it can cause depletion of natural resources, deforestation, flooding, soil erosion, etc. METHOD : This study monitors and compares the physical properties of various compositions between water hyacinth fiber and plastic as well as cement and resin binders, then compares them with other materials such as wooden boards, sawdust and glass walls. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results showed that the panel board from the composition of water hyacinth, plastic and cement had a thermal conductivity value ranging from 0.0433-0.056 W/m oC. While the panel board from the composition of water hyacinth, plastic and resin had a thermal conductivity value ranging from 0.0236-0.0424 W/m oC. Both of these panels are close to commercial thermal conductivity values. CONCLUSION : Thus, this environmentally friendly insulation material is a good candidate for sustainable thermal insulation in buildings.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CIVIL CASE DECISIONS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF JUDGES SEARCHING FORMAL TRUTH IN HALAL TRIALS (STUDY OF MAKASSAR DISTRICT COURT DECISIONS)

Dwi Handayani — 2024-11-05

The emergence of civil case decisions that fail to deliver justice has significant implications for the legal system's goals of fairness and societal benefit. A pressing concern is identifying the traits of a truly fair civil case decision. This analysis aims to dissect the judge's decision-making process, ensuring it remains just and equitable, particularly amid technological advancements that facilitate online implementations.Utilizing the Statute, Conceptual, Case, and Comparative Approaches, we systematically evaluate legal reasoning and interpretation to address critical legal issues. Our findings underscore that the characteristics of civil cases play a pivotal role in regulating individual interests and compelling compliance among the parties involved. Importantly, general civil cases in the District Court are governed by different rules than specific civil cases, which follow distinct regulations like those of the Commercial Court under Law No. 4 of 1998. Additionally, the resolution processes for lawsuits and applications show notable variations. In Singapore, while the overall civil case resolution framework remains consistent, differences manifest primarily in evidentiary types and the openness of the evidence process. These insights highlight the necessity for judges to base their decisions on the principle of seeking formal truth from the evidence presented. By balancing the interests of all parties, judges must tailor their decisions to ensure they reflect justice, legal certainty, and societal benefit, thereby reinforcing the integrity of the legal system.

STUNTING AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AGED 12-36 MONTHS

Halida Thamrin — 2024-11-05

BACKGROUND: The critical period of a child's neurodevelopment is during the first thousand days of life. Children with a balanced diet have a better chance of development than children raised in adverse conditions. WHO states that 5-25% of children under five have mild brain dysfunction, including impairments in fine motor development. This study aims to determine the relationship between stunting and child growth and development (aged 12-36 months) in the Bara-Baraya Public Health Center, Makassar City, work area. METHOD: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional perspective conducted in the working area of Bara-Baraya Health Center in Makassar City from September to November 2022. The study population consisted of children aged 12-36 months, and the sample was collected using a purposive sampling technique with 60 respondents. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The results showed no relationship between stunting and child development (aged 12- 36 months) in the work area of the Bara-Baraya Health Center, with a p-value of 0.054. However, children with stunting experience more questionable development and possible deviations than children who are not stunted. CONCLUSION: The conclusion is that there is no relationship between the child's development (age 12-36 months). It is recommended that policymakers, to prevent more children from suffering from stunting, are expected to evaluate and improve the nutrition intake program for the first 1000 days of life by increasing maternal awareness about the importance of fulfilling nutrition, especially micronutrients intake during pregnancy up to the first 1000 days of life.

RAMADAN FASTING: CAN IT SUPPORT TO MEDICATE DEPRESSION

Sayid Ridho — 2024-11-05

BACKGROUND : Every human being has many stressors in their life which is different from one person to person. Due to have many stressors in college, medical students are having high risk for their mental health that can contribute to conditions such as depression. Therefore, treatment for depression becomes very important. As thought by the Prophet Muhammad, the fasting can make Muslim healthy. Moreover, the study to explore the fasting between normal and depression subjects is limited. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Ramadan fasting on depression of preclinic medical students of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. METHOD : A cohort prospective study was conducted with a one-group pretest-posttest design. Sample was taken using consecutive sampling method with total 242 subject. Data of depression was obtained using DASS-42 questionnaire for depression. The Wilcoxon test was used to analyze the data. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: As result of Wilcoxon test, this study revealed that the effect of Ramadan fasting on score depression were significantly decreased to all subjects (p= 0.042). Furthermore, either in subject who have depression or normal subject, there were effect of Ramadhan with significancy decrease of score each p= 0.000 for normal group and p= 0.006 for depression group. CONCLUSION : Ramadan fasting have an affect to decline depression score not only for normal subjects but also for depression subjects of preclinic medical students of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Hence, as religious coping, Ramadan fasting can be proposed and used as a method to support the treatment for depression as well as a way to achieve good mental health status.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF WUDHU ON MOMENTARY CHANGES IN BLOOD PRESSURE IN ADULTS WITHOUT HYPERTENSION

Mochammad Erwin Rachman — 2024-11-05

Background: Wudhu is a very important Islamic teaching as a valid condition for carrying out prayers, besides that ablution provides very important benefits for the health of the human body. Objective: To determine the effect of wudhu on momentary changes in blood pressure in adults without hypertension. Research Method: The research sample is adults in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study with a sample of 100 samples. The sampling technique used is by purposive sampling in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the research. Results and Discussion: The results of the study of 100 research samples found the effect of wudhu on the total response of momentary changes in blood pressure, on systole blood pressure with confidence level (p=0.0001) and on diastole blood pressure (p=0.029), and it appears that systole and diastole blood pressure Decreased response was greater than that of non-decreased response began to occur at the fifth minute, but the incidence rate was greater in diastole blood pressure of 46 samples compared to systole blood pressure of 44 samples. Conclusion: There is an effect of wudhu on the average decrease in blood pressure in adults without hypertension, especially in the average diastole blood pressure, which occurs in the fifth minute after ablution.

IDENTIFICATION OF MICROPLASTIC CHARACTERISTICS IN MUSSELS CONSUMED BY COASTAL COMMUNITIES

Yuliati Yuliati — 2024-11-05

BACKGROUND : The increasing presence of microplastics in the waters has been known to have the potential to enter various types of marine biota including mussels. METHOD : The type of research conducted was descriptive observational research. The research location was the coastal area of North Galesong Beach, Takalar Regency. RESULT AND DICCUSSION : The results showed that the average abundance of microplastics in mussels in Galesong Waters was 4,258 items/individual. The average (mean) intake rate of respondents was 185.86 gr/day, the median value was 167 gr/day. The minimum intake rate was 115 gr/day and the maximum intake rate was 300 gr/day. The mean exposure frequency of respondents was 126 days, the median was 104 days. The minimum exposure frequency was 54 days and the maximum exposure frequency was 255 gr/day. The types of microplastics found were all in the form of lines, fragments with red, blue and black colors. The size found was between 0.505- 10.488 mm. CONCLUTION : The most common type of microplastics found in both sediments and mussels is the fragmnet form, followed by lines with a variety of colors, namely red, blue and black, there are differences in microplastic abundance between the two types of mussels, but differences in abundance can be seen between research stations as mussel habitat. KEY WORD : Microplastic, Coluour, Size, Form, Mussels

THE ROLE OF MOTHER IN DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AGED 1-5 YEARS IN THE WORKING AREA OF THE MANDAI HEALTH CENTRE

Andi Nurlinda — 2024-11-05

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of the mother's role on the development of children aged 1-5 years. The method used is cross sectional. The research was conducted April 15-26 2024. The population was all mothers who had children under five in the Mandai Health Center working area, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi province. The sample was taken randomly as many as 88 people. The research results showed that 36.4% of mothers' roles were good, 21.6% of them were adequate, and 2.3% of them were poor. Meanwhile, for child development, it was found that child development was appropriate at 75.5%, child development was doubtful at 14.0%, child development was 10.2%. Chi square analysis shows p value = 0.000, which indicates that p > 0.05, meaning there is an influence of the mother's role on the development of children aged 1-5 years. It was concluded that there is an influence of the mother's role on the development of children aged 1-5 years.

JUSUF KALLA, BUILDING DEMOCRACY WITH BUGIS CHARACTER

Burhanuddin Burhanuddin — 2024-11-05

BACKGROUND Mr. Muhammad Jusuf Kalla, often referred to as Pak JK, is a renowned figure known by several monikers: to acca, to panrita, and to sugi. 'To acca' signifies someone who is well-versed in multiple areas such as economics, politics, negotiation, and diplomacy. It suggests that he has a keen ability to read and understand various situations and opportunities, including the ability to analyze complex issues and social phenomena. Meanwhile, 'to sugi' indicates that he is a successful entrepreneur, having proficiently managed and expanded his parents' legacy business. METHOD : This writing was a Library Research by collecting the data and information from books and media related to the unique approach to democracy and diplomacy. RESULTS & DISCUSSION : The findings of this research indicate that Pak JK consistently the champions a form of democracy that reflects the Bugis character .JK deeply respects the local wisdom and philosophy of life of the Bugis people, which includes principles like ininnawa, sitinaja, siri' na pesse, resopa temmangingngi naletei pammase dewata, sipakainge, and taro ada taro gau. These principles, had guided him to the good approach to life and leadership. CONCLUSION : Pak JK has showcased adept problem-solving skills. The cornerstone of his successful diplomatic strategies can be traced back to the enduring teachings, philosophies, and traditional wisdom of the Bugis people that have been passed down through generations.

THE USE OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS: A PRELIMINARY REVIEW FROM THE MAQASID SHARIAH PERSPECTIVE

Nor‘Azzah binti Kamri — 2024-11-05

BACKGROUND: Gold is a highly valued metal with a variety of functions, such as currency, jewelry, and more. With today’s rapid technological advancements, gold’s significant uses have expanded, including its role in cosmetics, particularly in skincare products, in the form of gold nanoparticles, which are widely used regardless of gender. The abundance of products containing gold nanoparticles promoted by the cosmetics industry including skincare items like facial cleansers, scrubs, and moisturizing serums has led to legal discourse within fatwa institutions regarding industry practices. However, the use of gold nanoparticles itself has both benefits (maslahah) and potential harms (mafsadah) that require careful evaluation. METHOD: This study employs a literature review method, examining previous studies and selected fatwas related to gold, followed by content analysis. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The analysis of previous studies found that the effects of using gold nanoparticles tend to be more general, with many benefits such as acting as an anti-aging agent and fading scars, which aligns with the permissibility status issued by fatwa institutions. However, an analysis of related fatwas revealed a more specific focus, particularly on the use of cosmetics containing gold nanoparticles among men. These two findings need to be harmonized to ensure the sustainability of consumer health quality in the context of cosmetic use. Therefore, considering the benefits and harms (maslahah and mafsadah) based on both scriptural (dalil naqli) and rational (dalil aqli) evidences is seen as highly significant to produce valid guidelines for the welfare of the ummah and the halal industry. CONCLUSION: Therefore, this study aims to conduct a preliminary investigation into the use of gold nanoparticles in cosmetic products based on the maqasid shariah perspective, specifically evaluating the benefits (maslahah) and harms (mafsadah) of their effects.

THE INFLUENCE OF FARMER CHARACTERISTICS ON ENTREPRENEURIAL ATTITUDES AND PERFORMANCE OF PADDY RICE FARMERS

Nuraeni Nuraeni — 2024-11-05

Agriculture is one of the sectors that has a strategic position and plays an important role in efforts to increase Indonesia's economic growth. Agriculture is the sector with the most labor force in Indonesia. However, the large number of workers in the agricultural sector can only contribute 8.82% to national GDP as of quarter 1 of 2023 (Agricultural Data and Information System Center of the General Secretariat - Ministry of Agriculture 2023). This reality shows the low level of labor productivity in the agricultural sector. One of the obstacles that exist in Indonesia's agricultural sector is the limited human resources in the agricultural sector in terms of low farmer capacity, such as managerial skills, very weak bargaining power, limited access to capital and various information, and low level of farmer education. For this reason, the objectives of this study are (1) to identify the characteristics of paddy rice farmers, identify production, identify income and identify the entrepreneurial attitude of paddy paddy farmers, (2) analyze the influence of farmer characteristics on entrepreneurial attitudes, (3) analyze the influence of farmer characteristics on the performance of paddy paddy farmers, (4) analyze the influence of farmer characteristics on the performance of paddy paddy farmers through entrepreneurial attitudes, (5) Analyze the influence of entrepreneurial attitude on the performance of paddy rice farmers and (6) Analyze the influence of farmer characteristics and entrepreneurial attitude simultaneously on the performance of paddy rice farmers. This research is located in Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The population in this study is rice farmers. The sample was determined using the Slovin method as many as 80 farmers by taking proportionally each farmer group. The analysis methods used are Descriptive Statistical analysis and Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) analysis. Based on the results of the study, it shows that; (1) The characteristics of farmers as a whole are in the good category, meaning that farmers have a productive age, which is an average age of 50 years, so it is still easy to receive technology. have a fairly good education, an average family of 6 people, have an average of 17 years of experience in rice farming, so it is easier to farm and implement strategies for the development of their farming with an average land area of 0.69 Ha which are still in the poor category. The average rice production of farmers is 5.7 tons/ha and the average income of farmers is Rp. 21,226,991/ha, the entrepreneurial attitude of farmers is in the category of quite high, (2) the characteristics of farmers have a significant effect on entrepreneurial attitudes (3) the characteristics of farmers have a significant effect on the performance of farmers (4) the characteristics of farmers have a significant effect on the performance of farmers through entrepreneurial attitudes (5) entrepreneurial attitudes have a significant effect on the performance of farmers. It is necessary to improve the characteristics of farmers and increase entrepreneurial attitudes because it has a significant effect on improving the performance of paddy rice farmers.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF MAHARATUL KALAM IN SHAPING THE LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT (BIAH AL LUGHOWIAH) OF UMI LITERATURE FACULTY: STRATEGY AND IMPLEMENTATION

Nurjannah Nurjannah — 2024-11-05

Factors that contribute to maharatul kalam for students are creating an Arabic language environment (Bi'ah Luhgowiyah), Arabic language environment means the development of basic Arabic language skills, a means of familiarizing students with Arabic language communication with simple conversations, strengthening the acquisition of Arabic language learning in class to be directly practiced. the Arabic language environment has not been found in the Faculty of Letters, especially the Arabic Literature Department of UMI. Learning maharatul kalam is still limited to indoor conversations, it has not become a necessity and an Arabic language environment that supports learning achievements has not been formed. The problem in this study is to focus on increasing Arabic language proficiency for students of the Arabic Literature Department which is supported by an Arabic language environment (Bi'ah Al Lughowiah) maharatul kalam competencies. This study aims to design Arabic language learning in shaping the language environment (Bi'ah AL Lughowiyah) of the Faculty of Letters UMI and analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors in shaping the Arabic language environment (Bi'ah AL Lughowiyah) at the Faculty of Letters UMI). This study uses a qualitative approach by collecting data on the conditions of natural objects. The study results, a) Maharatul Kalam's learning strategy creates an Arabic language environment by prioritizing interaction and practicing speaking Arabic. extracurricular activities, group discussions 'Lughatuna' every Saturday, b) Implementation of learning begins with an introduction of material, and learning objectives. Assignments: Students make short dialogues or monologues presented at the next meeting and practice in the campus environment. Introduction to Arabic in Maharatul Kalam learning and the compulsory Arabic program on campus on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. 3) Supporting factors, among others: Arabic as the language of instruction, the mandatory Arabic rule, and the 'Lughatuna' Student Club, as a space for discussion and development of Arabic language skills. Inhibiting factors, among others: some students do not have motivation, awareness of Arabic on campus, lack of confidence, lack of vocabulary mastery, still influenced by their mother tongue, not the maximum acceptance of the environment to speak other than Indonesian, there is no strict rule of lecturers teaching maharatul kalam courses to require students to practice dialogue assignments outside the classroom. Keyword; Arabic Language Learning, Maharatul Kalam, Biah al Lughowiah.