Comparative Analysis of Environmental Impact Assessment Practices in  Developing Countries – A Review

Adam Daffa Ghifari Yani; Normaniza Daffa Ghifari Osman

Adam Daffa Ghifari Yani Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya
Normaniza Daffa Ghifari Osman Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya

Keywords: Water Quality Assessment, Urban Coastal Pollution, Domestic Wastewater Impact, Community Empowerment, Collaborative Environmental Solutions

Abstract

While Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is recognized globally as a crucial tool for promoting sustainable development, many developing countries struggle in its implementation due to weak enforcement, insufficient resources, and inadequate public participation. This research investigates the effectiveness and challenges of EIA practices in developing countries, focusing on legal frameworks, institutional capacity, implementation practices, and stakeholder engagement. Through comparative analysis, this study identifies key gaps and best practices. The study also offers actionable recommendations for policymakers and environmental professionals to bridge these gaps, aiming to optimize EIA processes and foster sustainable development in challenged settings. The findings emphasized the need for stronger legal frameworks, enhanced public participation, improved institutional capacity, and effective monitoring systems.