Characterization of Volatile Oil of Patchouli Stem (Pogostemon Cablin Benth) by using Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Abstract
Background Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) is one kind of the plants producing essential oil that can be used in the treatment because the content of the patchouli oil is a sesquiterpene, cytotoxic chalcones, and antimutagenic. This study aimed to establish the standardization of crude drugs and characterization of essential oil of patchouli stem by GC-MS. Methodology The research carried out includes the determination of specific and non-specific parameters, as well as the characterization of essential oil by GC-MS. Results Table. Components of patchouli stem essential oil as a result of GC-MS No Compounds Retention time (minute) Molecular formula Molecular weight Area curve (%) 1 Benzaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl 5,103 C9H10O 134 12,98 2 Phenol, 2,4-Bis(1,1,-Dimethylethyl) 8,809 C14H22O 206 8,36 3 1,6-Methanonaphtalen-1(2H)-Ol, Octahydro-4,8A,9,9-Tetramethyl 11,126 C15H26O 222 4,72 4 Octadecanoic acid, Ethyl ester 17,922 C20H40O2 312 3,06 5 Hexadecanoic acid, Ethyl ester 14,988 C18H36O2 284 2,25 Discussion The standardization result includes the non-specific parameters including identity test, that is, patchouli stem botanicals, botanical organoleptic test forming dry powder, khaki, distinctive smell, bitter taste,water-solublee extract content of 5,9891%, levels of ethanol-soluble extract of 8,0578% and positive compounds identification containing alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, essential oils as well as specific parameters, that is, drying shrinkage of 0,8281%, moisture content of 1,7968%, total ash content of 5,7730%, and acid insoluble ash content of 0,3459%. Conclusion The result of GC-MS characterization of essential oils derived from patchouli stem by stahl distillation shows five main components, namely benzaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl, phenol,2,4-Bis91,1-Dimethylethyl1,6-Methanonaphthalen-1(2H)-OL, Octahydro-4,8A,9,9-Tetramethyl, octadecanooic acid, ethyl ester and hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester.
