Transformation of Moderation of Bugis Ethnic in Realizing Islam Cosmopolitan in South Sulawesi

Abstract

The aims of this study are to describe the religious moderation of the Bugis people in South Sulawesi and to examine the reality of the cosmopolitan development of Islam in the Bugis community in South Sulawesi. The background of this study that Indonesia as a country within a majority Muslim population understands religious moderation that represents Cosmopolitan Islam. This concept focuses on the adaptability of Islam to various cultures and communities with different backgrounds. One of the tribes that predominantly embraces Islam and has influence in Indonesia is the Bugis tribe. Apart from that, the destructive condition and radicalism which undermines the order of cultural and Islamic noble values in Indonesia, is a challenge in itself that must be found a solution. Developing a construction model of religious moderation for the Bugis ethnic group in South Sulawesi in realizing Cosmopolitan Islam. The research problem is how is the moderation of religion in the Bugis community in South Sulawesi and how is the reality of the cosmopolitan development of Islam in the Bugis community in South Sulawesi? The study uses mixed method. Informants for qualitative research who were included in in-depth interviews and FGDs were taken using snowball sampling. Qualitative research emphasizes more on the analysis of deductive and inductive inference processes and on the analysis of the dynamics of the relationships between observed phenomena, using scientific logic. Data collection techniques in this study, namely observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review, FGD with data analysis, processed by organizing data and then describing, state of empirical facts accompanied by relevant arguments. The results of the study showed that the implementation of religious moderation in the Bugis community in South Sulawesi is very moderate in terms of the Islamic perspective of the Bugis, including the understanding of religious moderation in Cosmopolitan Islam. Islamic values and teachings have a strong influence on the values and perspectives of the Bugis people. The life principles of siri', pesse', ade', and ining nawa are strongly influenced by Islamic teachings to always consistently care for self-respect and of family. The purpose of life of the Bugis people is solely to get the pleasure of Allah SWT. Besides, the reality of the cosmopolitan development of Islam in the Bugis community in South Sulawesi is in a peaceful religion, accepting differences and becoming a source of national and state unity. The life principles of siri', pesse', ade', and ining nawa which are Bugis culture are colored by Islamic teachings and values and become the modality for the Bugis people to practice them in everyday life wherever they are about understanding Islam which is moderate, tolerant and upholds high human values. In addition, the religious moderation of the Bugis community has undergone a transformation in Indonesia, including understanding the majority sects and accepting the various differences that occur in Bugis society. It is hoped that the results of this study will become a reference for a religion that is peaceful, accepts differences and becomes a source of unity for the nation and state.